Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 15, 2026
06:58
An Application for Pairing with Wearable Devices to Monitor Personal Health Status
Published on: February 3, 2022
3.4K
Health status alterations in Ruditapes philippinarum after continuous secondary effluent exposure before and after
B Díaz-Garduño1, J A Perales2, C Garrido-Pérez2
1Physical Chemical Department, University Institute of Marine Research (INMAR), International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEI•MAR), Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain.
Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)
|January 18, 2018
Summary
Wastewater effluent harms marine clams, causing stress and altering energy. A microalgae photobiotreatment significantly reduced these toxic effects, protecting clam health.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Toxicology
- Marine Biology
- Wastewater Treatment
Background:
- Marine environments face risks from whole effluent toxicity.
- Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) discharge effluents that can act as contaminants.
- Understanding the biological impact on marine organisms is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the adverse effects of WWTP effluent on the marine clam Ruditapes philippinarum.
- To evaluate the efficacy of a microalgae photobiotreatment (PhtBio) in reducing effluent toxicity.
- To investigate specific biomarkers of stress in clams exposed to effluent.
Main Methods:
- A mobile pilot plant exposed clams to various effluent concentrations for seven days.
- Biomarkers analyzed included lysosomal membrane stability (LMS), total lipids (TLP), mitochondrial electron transport (MET), cyclooxygenase (COX), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE).
- The impact of photobiotreatment (PhtBio) on effluent toxicity was assessed.
Main Results:
- Effluent exposure caused significant alterations in clam health, including neuroendocrine effects, energy budget disruptions, and lipid storage changes.
- Lysosomal membrane stability, inflammatory mechanisms, and neurotoxic effects were notably impacted.
- Photobiotreatment demonstrated a reduction in the effluent's toxic effects on the exposed organisms.
Conclusions:
- Wastewater effluent poses a significant stress risk to marine clam health.
- Biomarkers like LMS, TLP, MET, COX, and AChE are effective indicators of effluent toxicity.
- Photobiotreatment shows promise as an effective tertiary treatment for mitigating effluent-induced harm to marine life.
Related Concept Videos
01:12Nomenclature of Secondary and Tertiary Amines
5.2K
The secondary and tertiary amines are derivatives of ammonia, where two and three of its hydrogens are replaced by alkyl groups, respectively. Secondary and tertiary amines can be symmetrical with identical alkyl groups attached to the nitrogen atom or unsymmetrical when more than one type of alkyl group is present. The standard nomenclature of secondary and tertiary amines is similar to the names given to the primary amines. They are generally named alkylamines. As depicted in Figure 1, for...
5.2K
01:21Tertiary Healthcare System
2.2K
Specialized care provided over an extended period is called tertiary care. Usually, a primary or secondary care physician will refer a patient to tertiary care. A patient's maximum physical and mental function is restored in tertiary care, which is caused due to the impact of a chronic illness or condition. Tertiary care aims to achieve the highest level of functioning possible while managing chronic illness. For example, a patient who falls and fractures their hip will need secondary care...
2.2K
01:27Conjugate Addition (1,4-Addition) vs Direct Addition (1,2-Addition)
4.4K
α,β-Unsaturated carbonyl compounds with two electrophilic sites, the carbonyl carbon, and the β carbon, are susceptible to nucleophilic attack via two modes: conjugate or 1,4-addition and direct or 1,2-addition.
Conjugate addition results in a thermodynamically stable product. The reaction retains the stronger C=O bond at the expense of the weaker C=C π bond. The process is slow as the β carbon is less electrophilic than the carbonyl carbon.
Direct addition products are...
Conjugate addition results in a thermodynamically stable product. The reaction retains the stronger C=O bond at the expense of the weaker C=C π bond. The process is slow as the β carbon is less electrophilic than the carbonyl carbon.
Direct addition products are...
4.4K
01:55Secondary Active Transport
138.4K
One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme “pump” embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...
138.4K
01:30Alterations in Respiration II
1.9K
There are numerous types of normal and abnormal respiration. Based on ventilatory movements, breathing patterns are classified as regular, deep, or shallow. Examples include Biot's breathing, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, Kussmaul's breathing, hyperventilation, and hypoventilation. Each pattern is clinically significant and aids in evaluating patients.
In Biot's breathing, the respiratory rate and depth are irregular, alternating between periods of deep gasping and apnea. Common causes...
In Biot's breathing, the respiratory rate and depth are irregular, alternating between periods of deep gasping and apnea. Common causes...
1.9K
01:11Secondary Healthcare System
2.1K
Secondary healthcare is offered by a specialist, generally in hospitals or clinics for patients referred by primary healthcare providers. It occurs when a person has an illness or injury that requires specific medical care. Secondary care is often referred to as acute care. Secondary care can range from uncomplicated care to repair a minor laceration or treat a strep throat infection to more complicated emergent care, such as treating a head injury sustained in an automobile accident. Whatever...
2.1K