Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cotranslational Protein Translocation01:20

Cotranslational Protein Translocation

10.1K
Translocation of proteins across membranes is an ancient process that occurs even in bacteria and archaebacteria. In fact, the components of the translocation machinery are still conserved between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Sec61 channel partners for cotranslational translocation
During cotranslational translocation, the Sec61 channel partners with the signal recognition particle (SRP), the signal recognition particle receptor (SR), and the ribosomes to transport the nascent polypeptide chain...
10.1K
Energy to Drive Translocation01:37

Energy to Drive Translocation

2.9K
Mitochondrial protein import is powered by two distinct energy sources: ATP hydrolysis and electrochemical potential across the inner membrane. Newly synthesized precursors are bound by cytosolic chaperones of the Hsp70 family, which guide them to the import receptors on the mitochondrial surface. Utilizing the energy of ATP hydrolysis, Hsp70 chaperones transfer these precursors to the TOM receptors on the mitochondrial outer membrane.
Generally, polypeptides are unfolded by two distinct...
2.9K
Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria01:19

Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria

13.5K
Mitochondrial precursors are translocated to the internal subcompartments via independent mechanisms involving distinct protein machineries called translocases.
Sorting of outer membrane proteins:
Mitochondrial outer membrane proteins are of two types: the transmembrane, beta-barrel porins, and the membrane-anchored, alpha-helical proteins. Beta-barrel porin precursors are translocated by the TOM complex and inserted into the outer mitochondrial membrane by the SAM complex. In contrast,...
13.5K
Conduct Disorder01:28

Conduct Disorder

622
Conduct disorder is a complex mental health diagnosis characterized by a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that violates societal norms, the rights of others, or age-appropriate rules. The diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder require the presence of at least three problematic behaviors within the past 12 months, with at least one occurring in the past six months. These behaviors are grouped into four categories: aggression toward people and animals; destruction of property;...
622
Conduction System of the Heart01:19

Conduction System of the Heart

13.8K
Autorhythmicity is a term that refers to the heart's inherent ability to generate electrical signals and instigate muscle contractions. This self-regulating conduction system within the heart consists of two key components: the pacemaker cells and specialized conducting cells.
The pacemaker cells are located in two primary nodes: the sinoatrial (SA) node and the atrioventricular (AV) node. The SA node pacemaker cells can autonomously depolarize, triggering an action potential that leads to the...
13.8K
Conduction System of the Heart01:20

Conduction System of the Heart

4.1K
The cardiac conduction system produces and transmits electrical impulses that prompt myocardial contraction, ensuring efficient heart function. This intricate system ensures that the heart beats in a coordinated and efficient manner, beginning with the atria and then the ventricles. The conduction system optimizes cardiac output by maintaining this precise sequence, which is crucial for adequate blood circulation.
This system relies on the unique properties of nodal and Purkinje cells:...
4.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

AI-Enhanced Adaptive Virtual Screening Platform Enabling Exploration of 69 Billion Molecules Discovers Structurally Validated FSP1 Inhibitors.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Corrections to "Discovery of the Cytocapsular Membrane as Hallmark of Malignant Tumors".

Biochemistry·2026
Same author

Scalable deep learning reconstruction for accelerated multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of proteins.

Science advances·2025
Same author

Biophysical and Structural Features of αβT-Cell Receptor Mechanosensing: A Paradigmatic Shift in Understanding T-Cell Activation.

Immunological reviews·2025
Same author

Discovery of the Cytocapsular Membrane as Hallmark of Malignant Tumors.

Biochemistry·2024
Same author

Molecular Landscape of the Ribosome Pre-initiation Complex during mRNA Scanning: Structural Role for eIF3c and Its Control by eIF5.

Cell reports·2024
Same journal

Tau protein as a regulator of mitochondrial function and dynamics.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

A scalable, dividing cell model for the robust propagation and quantification of human sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease prions.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Epigenetic regulation of mesenchymal BMP signaling directs postnatal organ innervation.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Single-shot wide-field biochemical imaging at 1 kHz frame rate.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Morphogenesis and topological evolution of a frustrated nematic liquid crystal under confinement.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

B cell-intrinsic CXCR3 drives efficient generation of ectopic pulmonary germinal center responses to influenza A virus infection.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Live-imaging of PKC Translocation in Sf9 Cells and in Aplysia Sensory Neurons
09:54

Live-imaging of PKC Translocation in Sf9 Cells and in Aplysia Sensory Neurons

Published on: April 6, 2011

12.4K

Cytocapsular tubes conduct cell translocation.

Tingfang Yi1, Gerhard Wagner1

  • 1Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Tingfang_Yi@hms.harvard.edu gerhard_wagner@hms.harvard.edu.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|January 18, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mammalian cells create unique compartments called cytocapsulae and cytocapsular tubes for directed cell transport. These structures, supported by nanoprotrusions, offer new insights into cell migration and disease management, including cancer metastasis.

Keywords:
cell translocationcytocapsulacytocapsular tubeeIF4Etranslation initiation

More Related Videos

Measuring Peptide Translocation into Large Unilamellar Vesicles
12:27

Measuring Peptide Translocation into Large Unilamellar Vesicles

Published on: January 27, 2012

14.3K
Isolation and Culture of Neural Crest Cells from Embryonic Murine Neural Tube
12:48

Isolation and Culture of Neural Crest Cells from Embryonic Murine Neural Tube

Published on: June 2, 2012

18.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Live-imaging of PKC Translocation in Sf9 Cells and in Aplysia Sensory Neurons
09:54

Live-imaging of PKC Translocation in Sf9 Cells and in Aplysia Sensory Neurons

Published on: April 6, 2011

12.4K
Measuring Peptide Translocation into Large Unilamellar Vesicles
12:27

Measuring Peptide Translocation into Large Unilamellar Vesicles

Published on: January 27, 2012

14.3K
Isolation and Culture of Neural Crest Cells from Embryonic Murine Neural Tube
12:48

Isolation and Culture of Neural Crest Cells from Embryonic Murine Neural Tube

Published on: June 2, 2012

18.0K

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Cell locomotion is crucial for embryonic development, tissue repair, and immune function.
  • Understanding directed cell migration is vital for managing diseases like cancer metastasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate novel mechanisms of directed cell translocation in mammalian cells.
  • To characterize the structure and function of newly identified extracellular compartments.

Main Methods:

  • Ultrastructural analysis using electron microscopy.
  • Observation of mammalian cell culture and compartment formation.
  • Investigation of the role of translation initiation factor eIF4E.

Main Results:

  • Single mammalian cells generate cytocapsulae for migration and cytocapsular tubes for directed transport.
  • Nanoprotrusions anchor cytocapsular tubes, forming interconnected networks.
  • Enhanced translation initiation factor eIF4E influences organelle development.

Conclusions:

  • A novel mechanism for directed cell translocation via cytocapsular tubes is proposed.
  • These findings may offer new therapeutic strategies for diseases involving cell migration, such as tumor metastasis.