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Related Concept Videos

Classifying Matter by State02:49

Classifying Matter by State

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Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. Matter is all around us; the air, water, soil, mountains, even our bodies are all examples of matter. Matter is divided into three states — solid, liquid, and gas — that are commonly found on earth. The fourth state of matter, plasma, occurs naturally in the interiors of stars. 
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Matter: Pure Substances and Mixtures
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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
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The substance of the universe—from a grain of sand to a star—is called matter. Scientists define matter as anything that occupies space and has mass. An object’s mass and its weight are related concepts, but not quite the same. An object’s mass is the amount of matter contained in the object and is the same whether that object is on Earth or in the zero-gravity environment of outer space. An object’s weight, on the other hand, is its mass as affected by the pull of...
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The earliest recorded discussion of the basic structure of matter comes from ancient Greek philosophers. Leucippus and Democritus argued that all matter was composed of small, finite particles that they called atomos, meaning “indivisible.” Later, Aristotle and others came to the conclusion that matter consisted of various combinations of the four “elements” — fire, earth, air, and water — and could be infinitely divided. Interestingly, these philosophers...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Synthesis of Single-Crystalline Core-Shell Metal-Organic Frameworks
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Pulsating dissolution of crystalline matter.

Cornelius Fischer1, Andreas Luttge2

  • 1MARUM-Center for Marine Environmental Sciences & Fachbereich Geowissenschaften, Universität Bremen, D-28359 Bremen, Germany c.fischer@hzdr.de.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|January 18, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Crystalline matter dissolution occurs in rhythmic pulses, not continuously. This discovery reveals new insights into material flux and surface reaction rates, impacting various scientific fields.

Keywords:
dissolutionfluid–solid interactionkineticsrate spectrasurface reactivity

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Area of Science:

  • Material Science
  • Geochemistry
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Fluid-solid reactions drive material flux, crucial for disciplines like material science and pharmaceuticals.
  • Understanding reaction rate variations over time and space is essential for predicting material behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the spatial and temporal dynamics of material flux during fluid-solid reactions.
  • To reveal new mechanisms governing the dissolution of crystalline matter.

Main Methods:

  • Generation of highly spatially resolved reaction rate maps from sequential topography maps.
  • Analysis of rhythmic pulses in material flux from crystal surfaces.

Main Results:

  • Observation of rhythmic pulses of material flux from crystal surfaces.
  • Identification of fluctuations in reactive surface site density and fluid saturation.
  • Demonstration of spatial and temporal variability in surface reaction rates.

Conclusions:

  • The dissolution of crystalline matter is characterized by rhythmic pulsing, challenging previous understandings.
  • Variability in surface reaction rates impacts predictions of reactive transport in porous media.
  • This research provides a foundation for improved modeling of dissolution and transport processes.