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ADHD and Attention Problems in Children With and Without Spina Bifida
Rachel M Wasserman1, Alison M Stoner2, Alexa Stern3
1Department of Pediatrics, Section of Psychology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation
|January 18, 2018
Summary
Children with spina bifida show higher rates of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and attention problems, often diagnosed earlier. They are more likely to receive medication, though its effectiveness requires further study.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Neurology
- Developmental Psychology
- Child Psychiatry
Background:
- Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder.
- Spina bifida is a complex birth defect impacting neurological development.
- Understanding ADHD presentation in children with spina bifida is crucial for appropriate care.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare ADHD diagnosis and treatment patterns in children with spina bifida versus typically developing children.
- To investigate age of onset and types of interventions received for ADHD in both groups.
Main Methods:
- A longitudinal study compared 68 children with spina bifida to 68 matched typically developing children over 8 years.
- Data included parent and teacher reports on attention problems, ADHD diagnosis, and treatment modalities.
- Interventions assessed included medication, mental health services, and academic accommodations.
Main Results:
- Children with spina bifida had higher rates of ADHD diagnosis and attention problems, identified earlier than in controls.
- Among those with ADHD/attention issues, children with spina bifida were more likely to receive medication.
- Treatment with mental health services and school accommodations were similar across both groups.
Conclusions:
- Children with spina bifida are diagnosed with ADHD more frequently and at an earlier age.
- Increased medication use in children with spina bifida warrants further investigation into treatment efficacy.
- Further research is recommended on the effectiveness of ADHD pharmacological treatments for children with spina bifida.
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