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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Transcription activators are proteins that promote the transcription of genes from DNA to RNA. In most cases, these proteins contain two separate domains ‒ a domain that binds to DNA and a domain for activating transcription; however, in some cases, a single domain is responsible for both binding and activation of transcription, as seen in the glucocorticoid receptor and MyoD.
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Certain biochemical processes, such as embryonic development and cell growth regulation, depend on the repression of specific genes. DNA binding proteins known as eukaryotic transcription inhibitors regulate the repression of gene expression in eukaryotes. The presence of these inhibitors at the required location and time in the cell is triggered by the presence of hormones and additional signals from other cells.
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Master Transcription Regulators02:23

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Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome
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Non-Coding RNAs As Transcriptional Regulators In Eukaryotes.

O Y Burenina1,2, T S Oretskaya2,3, E A Kubareva3

  • 1Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel Str. 3, Moscow, 143026, Russia.

Acta Naturae
|January 18, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This review explores non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that regulate gene transcription by interacting with RNA polymerase II (RNAP II). These ncRNAs, including B1, B2, and Alu RNAs, highlight a conserved evolutionary origin for transcription regulation.

Keywords:
RNA polymerasenoncoding RNAstranscription regulation

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are crucial regulatory molecules in eukaryotes.
  • ncRNAs play vital roles in processes like chromatin remodeling and cell proliferation.
  • These RNAs do not code for proteins, hence their designation as non-coding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review eukaryotic ncRNAs involved in transcription regulation.
  • To focus on ncRNAs that target RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) and its transcription factors.
  • To summarize current knowledge on specific regulatory ncRNAs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on eukaryotic ncRNAs.
  • Analysis of studies focusing on transcription regulation mechanisms.
  • Comparative analysis of bacterial and eukaryotic ncRNAs.

Main Results:

  • Several ncRNAs, including SRA, TAR, 7SK, U1 snRNA, GAS5, and DHFR RNA, are involved in transcription regulation.
  • Murine B1 and B2 RNAs, and human Alu RNA, can bind to the active site of RNAP II.
  • Bacterial 6S RNAs show similarities to eukaryotic ncRNAs, suggesting a common evolutionary origin.

Conclusions:

  • Eukaryotic ncRNAs are key regulators of transcription, primarily by interacting with RNAP II.
  • Specific ncRNAs like Alu RNA have significant roles due to their direct interaction with RNAP II.
  • The discovery of bacterial analogs suggests an ancient, conserved mechanism for transcription regulation via ncRNAs.