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Congenital blindness limits allocentric to egocentric switching ability.

Gennaro Ruggiero¹, Francesco Ruotolo², Tina Iachini³

¹Laboratory of Cognitive Science and Immersive Virtual Reality, CS-IVR, Department of Psychology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Viale Ellittico, 31, 81100, Caserta, Italy. gennaro.ruggiero@unicampania.it.

Experimental Brain Research

|January 18, 2018

Summary

Congenitally blind individuals struggle to switch between allocentric (object-to-object) and egocentric (self-to-object) spatial frames of reference, particularly when shifting from external to body-centered perspectives. This highlights challenges in spatial representation switching due to visual deprivation.

Keywords:

Blindfolded sighted Congenitally blindness Egocentric–allocentric reference frames Resource demanding process Spatial memory Switching ability

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Neuroscience
Spatial Cognition
Visual Impairment Research

Background:

Everyday spatial tasks rely on switching between egocentric and allocentric frames of reference.
Previous research suggests congenital blindness may impair allocentric spatial representation.
The impact of visual deprivation on the *switching* between these frames is less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how visual deprivation affects the ability to switch between egocentric and allocentric spatial frames.
To compare switching abilities in congenitally blind, temporarily blindfolded sighted, and fully sighted individuals.

Main Methods:

Utilized the Ego-Allo switching task to assess spatial frame switching.
Compared performance across conditions: egocentric-to-allocentric (Ego-Allo), allocentric-to-egocentric (Allo-Ego), purely egocentric (Ego-Ego), and purely allocentric (Allo-Allo).
Participants included congenitally blind, blindfolded sighted, and sighted individuals.

Main Results:

Congenitally blind participants showed significant difficulty switching from allocentric to egocentric frames (Allo-Ego).
No such difficulty was observed when switching from egocentric to allocentric frames (Ego-Allo).
A deficit in processing allocentric representations was also noted in non-switching conditions for the congenitally blind group.

Conclusions:

Congenital blindness impairs the ability to switch spatial reference frames, specifically when the initial reference is external (allocentric) and the shift is towards a body-centered (egocentric) perspective.
The findings suggest that allocentric deficits in congenital blindness hinder the simultaneous maintenance and integration of spatial information.
This difficulty in managing multiple spatial representations impacts the dynamic switching process between egocentric and allocentric frames.