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Related Concept Videos

Batteries and Fuel Cells03:12

Batteries and Fuel Cells

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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions02:21

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Substances that undergo either a physical or a chemical change in solution to yield ions that can conduct electricity are called electrolytes. If a substance yields ions in solution, that is, if the compound undergoes 100% dissociation, then the substance is a strong electrolyte. Complete dissociation is indicated by a single forward arrow. For example, water-soluble ionic compounds like sodium chloride dissociate into sodium cations and chloride anions in aqueous solution.
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Polymers02:34

Polymers

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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Electrolytes: van't Hoff Factor03:08

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Colligative Properties of Electrolytes
The colligative properties of a solution depend only on the number, not on the identity, of solute species dissolved. The concentration terms in the equations for various colligative properties (freezing point depression, boiling point elevation, osmotic pressure) pertain to all solute species present in the solution. Nonelectrolytes dissolve physically without dissociation or any other accompanying process. Each molecule that dissolves yields one...
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Ion Channels01:19

Ion Channels

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The movement of ions like sodium, potassium, and calcium into and out of the cell is essential to maintain the electrochemical gradient in living cells. The ion channels—a class of membrane transport proteins—help maintain this ionic gradient for the smooth functioning of physiological activities such as maintaining cell size and volume, conducting nerve impulses, and gas and nutrient exchange.
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Determining the Plane of Cell Division02:13

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Positioning the cell division plane is a critical step during development and cell differentiation, particularly during mitosis when the plane is essential for determining the size of the two daughter cells. The cell division plane is perpendicular to the plane of chromosome segregation, but different types of organisms have different cell division mechanisms to suit their morphology and function. 
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Updated: Feb 15, 2026

On the Preparation and Testing of Fuel Cell Catalysts Using the Thin Film Rotating Disk Electrode Method
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In-Plane Channel-Structured Catalyst Layer for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells.

Dong-Hyun Lee1, Wonhee Jo1, Seongmin Yuk1

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|January 18, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a new catalyst layer (CL) with in-plane channels for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. This design significantly improves mass transport and power performance, especially at high current densities.

Keywords:
catalyst layerin-plane channelmass transportpolymer electrolyte membrane fuel cellsurface pattern

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Layer-by-layer Synthesis and Transfer of Freestanding Conjugated Microporous Polymer Nanomembranes
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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Energy Conversion

Background:

  • Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are crucial for clean energy.
  • Enhancing mass transport in catalyst layers (CLs) is key to improving PEMFC performance.
  • Current CL designs face limitations in reactant delivery and product removal.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel catalyst layer (CL) with integrated in-plane flow channels.
  • To investigate the impact of these in-plane channels on mass transport properties.
  • To evaluate the performance enhancement in PEMFCs using this new CL design.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of CLs with in-plane channels via a direct patterning technique.
  • Coating CL slurry onto a patterned substrate and transferring to a membrane.
  • Testing membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) with patterned and unpatterned CLs in PEMFCs.
  • Analyzing oxygen transport resistance.

Main Results:

  • The in-plane channel-patterned CL demonstrated superior power performance at high current densities compared to flat CLs.
  • A significant enhancement in mass transport properties was observed due to the in-plane channels.
  • Performance gains were maximized when channel direction was perpendicular to the flow field.
  • Oxygen transport resistance was reduced, facilitating both molecular and Knudsen diffusion.

Conclusions:

  • The novel in-plane channel CL design effectively enhances mass transport and power performance in PEMFCs.
  • The direct CL patterning technique offers high structural fidelity and design flexibility for advanced CLs.
  • This approach provides a rational guideline for designing high-performance fuel cell catalyst layers.