Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Amplifying and Quantifying HIV-1 RNA in HIV Infected Individuals with Viral Loads Below the Limit of Detection by Standard Clinical Assays
Published on: September 26, 2011
HIV and renal disease: a contemporary review
Joana Gameiro1, Sofia Jorge1, José A Lopes1
1Division of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisboa, Portugal.
Abstract:
The presence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related kidney disease is an important cause of mortality and morbidity. HIV infection induces renal injury by direct cytotoxicity or immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis in patients with genetic susceptibility factors. In the last decades, with the development and diffusion of combination antiretroviral therapy, which has prolonged patient survival, there has been a shift in the spectrum of renal diseases in HIV-infected patients, with the decrease of glomerular diseases and increase in the role of nephrotoxicity and co-morbidities. This review provides a contemporary and critical review on the main renal syndromes occurring in HIV-infected patients.
Related Concept Videos
Contemporary Psychology
Biopsychology
Biopsychology, also known as biological psychology or behavioral neuroscience, focuses on the biological underpinnings of behavior and mental processes. It...
Review and Preview
Percentiles are a type of fractile that partition data into...
Review and Preview
Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rate
Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Measurement of Serum Creatinine Concentration and Clearance
Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment
One condition associated with renal failure is uremia. Uremia is characterized by impaired glomerular filtration and fluid accumulation in the body. This condition hinders the renal clearance of drugs, resulting in drug accumulation and potential...

