Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Direct Drug Delivery to Kidney via the Renal Artery
Published on: April 17, 2021
Bilateral Compressive Optic Neuropathy from Renal Osteodystrophy Caused by Branchio-oto-renal Syndrome Stabilised
Arun N E Sundaram1, Archana Abhayambika1, Sunil Kumar1
1Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Abstract:
Renal osteodystrophy can cause calvarial hypertrophy and narrowing of the neural canals and foramina. Compressive optic neuropathy is extremely rare in renal osteodystrophy and was reported once only. The authors report bilateral, simultaneous compressive optic neuropathy secondary to renal osteodystrophy with features of uremic leontiasis ossea in chronic renal failure caused by branchio-oto-renal syndrome. Because of the extensive calvarial hypertrophy and the surgical difficulties envisaged with optic canal decompression, conservative approach was pursued. The patient's visual acuity and fields improved after partial parathyroidectomy. Visual improvement may be explained by the arrest of renal osteodystrophy and reduced optic nerve compression after parathyroidectomy.
Related Concept Videos
Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment
One condition associated with renal failure is uremia. Uremia is characterized by impaired glomerular filtration and fluid accumulation in the body. This condition hinders the renal clearance of drugs, resulting in drug accumulation and potential...
Renal Corpuscle
Glomerulus: Structure and Function
The glomerulus is a tiny, intricate network of capillaries located at the beginning of the nephron. It's enveloped by the Bowman's capsule and receives its blood supply from an afferent arteriole, which divides into numerous...
Renal Clearance
Renal clearance refers to the volume of plasma cleared of a specific substance, such as creatinine, per unit of time. To measure clearance, urine samples are collected over a 24-hour period during each bladder voiding, followed by a single blood sample at the...
Renal Drug Clearance: Comparison Between Renal Excretion Methods
Renal clearance is often associated with the renal glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which represents the rate at which plasma is filtered through the glomeruli in the kidney. When drug reabsorption is minimal and there is no active secretion, renal clearance is closely related to the...
Drug Elimination: Non-Renal Routes
Renal Tubule and Collecting Duct
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT):
The PCT is the initial segment of the renal tubule, extending from the Bowman's capsule that encloses the glomerulus. Its convoluted structure and microvilli-lined cells increase the surface area for reabsorption. The PCT reabsorbs glucose, amino acids, sodium, and water from the filtrate, ensuring essential...

