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Updated: Jul 26, 2026

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Published on: March 16, 2010
Kitaoka's Tomato: Two Simple Explanations Based on Information in the Stimulus
Arthur Shapiro1, Laysa Hedjar2, Erica Dixon2
1Department of Psychology, American University, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Computer Science, American University, Washington, DC, USA; Program in Behavior, Cognition, and Neuroscience, American University, Washington, DC, USA.
Abstract:
Kitaoka's Tomato is a color illusion in which a semitransparent blue-green field is placed on top of a red object (a tomato). The tomato appears red even though the pixels would appear green if viewed in isolation. We show that this phenomenon can be explained by a high-pass filter and by histogram equalization. The results suggest that this illusion does not require complex inferences about color constancy; rather, the tomato's red is available in the physical stimulus at the appropriate spatial scale and dynamic range.
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