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Related Concept Videos

Characteristics of Practical Op Amps01:16

Characteristics of Practical Op Amps

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A difference amplifier, a crucial component in numerous electronic devices, ideally amplifies only the difference-mode signal, which is the difference between two input signals. However, in practical circuits, the output voltage depends on both the differential gain and the common-mode gain.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis
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Giant Cell Arteritis: Practical Pearls and Updates.

Swati Pradeep1, Jonathan H Smith2

  • 1Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, 740 S. Limestone, L445, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.

Current Pain and Headache Reports
|January 19, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) treatment advances include Tocilizumab, the first FDA-approved drug, offering new hope for remission and reducing steroid complications. Research highlights T regulatory cell dysfunction in GCA.

Keywords:
Giant cell arteritisOlder adultsPathophysiologySecondary headacheTemporal arteritisTocilizumab

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a systemic vasculitis primarily affecting large arteries.
  • Pathophysiology involves complex immune dysregulation, with recent focus on T regulatory cell dysfunction.
  • Current management often relies on corticosteroids, associated with significant long-term toxicities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in the understanding and management of giant cell arteritis.
  • To provide practical insights for clinicians caring for patients with suspected or confirmed GCA.
  • To highlight novel therapeutic strategies emerging from recent research.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent publications on giant cell arteritis.
  • Synthesis of findings related to pathophysiology and clinical trial outcomes.
  • Focus on evidence supporting new and emerging treatments.

Main Results:

  • Tocilizumab is the first FDA-approved medication for GCA, demonstrating efficacy and safety in Phase 3 trials.
  • Advances in understanding GCA pathophysiology implicate T regulatory cell dysfunction.
  • Emerging therapies in clinical trials offer potential for improved disease control and reduced glucocorticoid burden.

Conclusions:

  • Tocilizumab represents a significant breakthrough in GCA treatment, offering a steroid-sparing option.
  • Novel therapeutic targets, informed by pathophysiology, are expanding treatment paradigms for GCA.
  • The evolving landscape of GCA management promises better outcomes and reduced treatment-related morbidity.