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Related Concept Videos

Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

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Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
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Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
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A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
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The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Laser Capture Microdissection of Mouse Embryonic Cartilage and Bone for Gene Expression Analysis
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Cell Type-Specific Laser Capture Microdissection for Gene Expression Profiling in the Human Brain.

Sarah A Mauney1,2, Tsung-Ung W Woo3,4, Kai C Sonntag5

  • 1Laboratory of Cellular Neuropathology, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|January 19, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a method using laser microdissection to isolate specific neurons and oligodendrocytes from human brain tissue. This technique enables high-quality RNA extraction for studying gene expression in neurological diseases.

Keywords:
Expression profilingImmunohistochemistryLaser capture microdissectionLaser microdissectionNeuronsOligodendrocytesPostmortem brain

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cell type-specific gene expression analysis is crucial for understanding neurological and psychiatric diseases.
  • Laser microdissection (LCM) and Laser Microdissection (LMD) combined with molecular techniques offer insights into neural circuit disturbances.
  • Identifying specific cell populations in postmortem human brain tissue is challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a method for isolating homogeneous populations of neurons and oligodendrocytes from human postmortem brain tissue.
  • To enable high-quality RNA extraction from isolated cells for gene expression profiling.
  • To facilitate the study of cell-type-specific molecular changes in neurological disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized cell-specific properties like pigmentation, morphology, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for cell identification.
  • Employed Laser Capture Microdissection (LCM) or Laser Microdissection (LMD) for precise cell isolation.
  • Combined rapid IHC, Nissl staining, or simple morphology with LCM/LMD for isolating neurons and oligodendrocytes.

Main Results:

  • Successfully isolated homogeneous populations of neurons and oligodendrocytes from human postmortem brain tissue.
  • Achieved high-quality RNA extraction from the isolated neuronal and oligodendrocyte populations.
  • Demonstrated the feasibility of using LCM/LMD for cell type-specific molecular analysis in postmortem brain samples.

Conclusions:

  • The described method provides a robust approach for isolating specific cell types from human postmortem brain.
  • High-quality RNA obtained from isolated cells supports gene expression profiling studies.
  • This technique is valuable for advancing the understanding of the neurobiological basis of neurological and psychiatric diseases.