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Related Concept Videos

Buffers02:56

Buffers

173.4K
A solution containing appreciable amounts of a weak conjugate acid-base pair is called a buffer solution, or a buffer. Buffer solutions resist a change in pH when small amounts of a strong acid or a strong base are added. A solution of acetic acid and sodium acetate is an example of a buffer that consists of a weak acid and its salt: CH3COOH (aq) + CH3COONa (aq). An example of a buffer that consists of a weak base and its salt is a solution of ammonia and ammonium chloride: NH3 (aq) + NH4Cl...
173.4K
Buffers: Buffer Capacity01:09

Buffers: Buffer Capacity

2.5K
Buffer capacity is the quantitative measure of a buffer to resist the change in pH. As shown in the following equation, the buffer capacity, denoted by 'beta', is expressed as the number of moles of acid or base needed to change the pH of a one-liter buffer solution by 1 unit. Here, Ca and Cb indicate the number of moles of acid and base, respectively. Note that dpH represents the change in pH.
In the graph, pH is plotted as a function of the number of moles of base (Cb) added to a weak...
2.5K
Buffer Effectiveness02:19

Buffer Effectiveness

55.6K
Buffer solutions do not have an unlimited capacity to keep the pH relatively constant . Instead, the ability of a buffer solution to resist changes in pH relies on the presence of appreciable amounts of its conjugate weak acid-base pair. When enough strong acid or base is added to substantially lower the concentration of either member of the buffer pair, the buffering action within the solution is compromised.
The buffer capacity is the amount of acid or base that can be added to a given volume...
55.6K
Protein Buffers in Blood Plasma and Cells01:20

Protein Buffers in Blood Plasma and Cells

4.0K
The human body utilizes protein buffer systems to maintain a stable pH. These systems capitalize on the dual role of amino acids, which can act as acids or bases by accepting or releasing hydrogen ions in response to pH changes. Protein buffer systems are particularly significant in the extracellular fluid (ECF) and intracellular fluid (ICF) of active cells, where structural and functional proteins provide substantial buffering capacity.
Certain amino acids can exist in a zwitterion state at a...
4.0K
Phosphate Buffer01:22

Phosphate Buffer

5.4K
The phosphate buffer system is a critical biological mechanism for maintaining pH stability in the body. This system operates primarily through two components: sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH2PO4), which acts as a weak acid, and sodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4), which serves as a weak base.
Sodium dihydrogen phosphate does not fully dissociate in neutral or acidic solutions. When a strong base, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), is introduced into the solution, sodium dihydrogen phosphate...
5.4K
Buffers: Overview01:30

Buffers: Overview

10.2K
Buffers play a crucial role in stabilizing the pH of a solution by mitigating the effects of small amounts of added acid or base. They consist of a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid. A solution of acetic acid and sodium acetate is an example of a buffer that consists of a weak acid and its salt: CH3COOH (aq) + CH3COONa (aq). An example of a buffer that consists of a weak base and its salt is a solution of ammonia and ammonium chloride: NH3 (aq) + NH4Cl (aq).
10.2K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Ambient Method for the Production of an Ionically Gated Carbon Nanotube Common Cathode in Tandem Organic Solar Cells
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Ambient Method for the Production of an Ionically Gated Carbon Nanotube Common Cathode in Tandem Organic Solar Cells

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High-Efficiency and Stable Organic Solar Cells Enabled by Dual Cathode Buffer Layers.

Zhaoxiang Huai1, Lixin Wang1, Yansheng Sun1

  • 1Hebei Key Laboratory of Optic-electronic Information Materials and ‡College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University , Baoding 071002, P. R. China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|January 19, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel double-interlayer strategy for organic solar cells (OSCs) using alcohol-soluble materials and bathocuproine (BCP). This approach significantly boosts power conversion efficiency and device stability in OSCs.

Keywords:
alcohol-soluble materialsbathocuproinecathode interlayerorganic solar cellstability

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Organic Electronics
  • Renewable Energy

Background:

  • Organic solar cells (OSCs) require effective cathode interface materials for high performance.
  • Existing cathode materials often present limitations in maximizing OSC efficiency and stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop multifunctional bilayer cathode buffers for regular OSCs.
  • To enhance power conversion efficiencies and device stability in OSCs.

Main Methods:

  • Combining three alcohol-soluble cathode interfacial materials with bathocuproine (BCP) to create double interlayers.
  • Utilizing these double interlayers in regular OSCs.

Main Results:

  • Achieved power conversion efficiencies exceeding 10.11%.
  • Significantly improved device stability.
  • Enhanced light absorption and distribution within the active layer.
  • Reduced leakage current and suppressed recombination.
  • Improved charge collection efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • The double interlayer strategy offers favorable energy-level alignment, alcohol treatment, and active layer protection.
  • Improved stability is attributed to BCP-metal complex blocking and underlying material protection.
  • This approach provides a new pathway for optimizing OSC performance and stability.