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Developing single-entity theranostic: drug-based fluorescent nanoclusters with augmented cytotoxicity.

Bandhan Chatterjee1, Asif Raza2, Siddhartha Sankar Ghosh1,2

  • 1Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.

Nanomedicine (London, England)
|January 19, 2018
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Summary

Methotrexate (MTX) gold nanoclusters (NCs) were developed as a nanotheranostic for cancer therapy. These MTX NCs show enhanced cytotoxicity and stability, offering a potential alternative to the parent drug in drug delivery vehicles.

Keywords:
MTX NCsNPsapoptosismethotrexatetheranostic

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Area of Science:

  • Nanomedicine
  • Biotechnology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Conventional cancer therapies face challenges in drug delivery and efficacy.
  • Developing targeted nanotheranostics can improve cancer treatment outcomes.
  • Methotrexate (MTX) is a widely used chemotherapy agent with limitations in delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create luminescent gold nanoclusters (NCs) templated by methotrexate (MTX) for cancer nanotheranostics.
  • To evaluate MTX-NCs as a single-unit nanotheranostic agent for cancer therapy.
  • To assess the potential of MTX-NCs as an alternative to the parent MTX drug in drug delivery vehicles (DDVs).

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and comprehensive characterization of MTX-templated gold nanoclusters (NCs).
  • Evaluation of the nanotheranostic's stability and bioimaging capabilities.
  • Assessment of antiproliferative effects using cell viability and cytometry assays.
  • Investigation of MTX-NCs' compatibility with drug delivery vehicles (e.g., chitosan folic acid nanoparticles).

Main Results:

  • MTX-NCs exhibited excellent physical properties and enhanced cytotoxicity.
  • The nanotheranostic demonstrated robust stability in physiological conditions (PBS and serum).
  • MTX-NCs were successfully loaded onto a DDV (chitosan folic acid nanoparticles) without compromising their physical or cytotoxic profile.

Conclusions:

  • MTX-NCs represent a promising next-generation theranostic agent.
  • These nanoclusters offer potential as a replacement for free MTX in advanced drug delivery platforms.
  • The developed nanotheranostic platform holds significant potential for improved cancer therapy.