Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Sampling Soils in a Heterogeneous Research Plot
Published on: January 7, 2019
Extended 3D and 4D cumulative plots for evaluation of unmatched incurred sample reanalysis
Piotr J Rudzki1, Michał Kaza1, Przemysław Biecek2
1Pharmacokinetics Department, Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 8 Rydygiera Street, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland.
Aim:
Incurred sample reanalysis (ISR) helps ensure the reliability of pharmacokinetic studies. An appropriate graph may facilitate the evaluation of an unmatched reanalyses or a failed ISR test.
Methods:
We evaluated different ways of visualizing multidimensional ISR data using an extended cumulative ISR plot.
Results:
3D and 4D cumulative ISR plots enable comprehensive data analysis using a single plot. We propose to use color for percentage difference classes in bar and XY-scatter plots. For the latter the shape of symbols may represent analyte concentration class, study phase, analyst or subject.
Conclusion:
The extended 3D and 4D cumulative ISR plots facilitate in-study monitoring and post-study inspection of data. It helps find the root cause of unmatched ISR, thus increasing reliability of bioanalytical data.
Related Concept Videos
Cumulative Frequency Distribution
Arrhenius Plots
The Arrhenius equation can be used...
Residual Plots
When the residual values are plotted against the variable x, it is called a residual...
Microsoft Excel: Plotting Mean, SD, and SE
First, calculate the mean, SD, and SE of your data. The mean is obtained using the formula `=AVERAGE(range)`, while SD can be calculated with `=STDEV.P(range)` for a population or `=STDEV.S(range)` for a sample. SE is calculated as `=SD/SQRT(n)`, where `n` is the sample size.
To plot these values, use a bar...
Bode Plots
A network function represents the ratio of a system's output to its input, with the magnitude and phase angle derived from the complex network function. The decibel logarithmic gain is...
Scatter Plot

