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Quantifying Novice and Expert Differences in Visual Diagnostic Reasoning in Veterinary Pathology Using Eye-Tracking
Amy L Warren1, Tyrone L Donnon2, Catherine R Wagg3
1Associate Professor in the Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada.
Journal of Veterinary Medical Education
|January 19, 2018
Summary
Expert veterinary pathologists diagnose faster and more accurately by efficiently viewing key areas in cytology images. Their visual reasoning utilizes pattern recognition and analytical skills for improved diagnostic outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Pathology
- Cognitive Science
- Ophthalmology
Background:
- Visual diagnostic reasoning is crucial for pathologists but understudied in veterinary pathology.
- Understanding the cognitive processes of veterinary pathologists is essential for improving diagnostic accuracy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate differences in visual reasoning between novice and expert veterinary pathologists using eye-tracking technology.
- To establish baseline quantitative and qualitative data on visual diagnostic processes in veterinary cytology.
Main Methods:
- Eye tracking was used to monitor visual attention while participants viewed cytology specimens.
- Participants included novice and expert veterinary pathologists.
- A think-aloud protocol was employed concurrently with eye tracking for 5 slides to capture thought processes.
Main Results:
- Experts showed significantly higher diagnostic accuracy and shorter time to diagnosis compared to novices (p <.017).
- Experts spent a greater percentage of time viewing diagnostically relevant areas (p <.017).
- Experts exhibited more efficient eye movement patterns and elicited more diagnostic features during verbalization.
Conclusions:
- Expert veterinary pathologists demonstrate superior visual diagnostic reasoning, characterized by efficient visual scanning and pattern recognition.
- Findings suggest experts integrate rapid pattern recognition (System 1) with analytical verification (System 2) for accurate and timely diagnoses.
- This study provides foundational insights into the cognitive strategies employed in veterinary pathology, informing training and diagnostic practice.
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