Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II01:19

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II

6
Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...
6
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I01:22

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I

17
Rate-programmed drug delivery systems (DDS) are designed to release drugs at specific, controlled rates to maintain consistent therapeutic levels. These systems are categorized based on their release mechanisms, including dissolution-controlled DDS, diffusion-controlled DDS, and combined dissolution-diffusion-controlled DDS.In dissolution-controlled DDS, the release rate depends on the slow dissolution of the drug itself or the surrounding matrix. Drugs with inherently slow dissolution rates,...
17
Adult Stem Cells01:33

Adult Stem Cells

33.9K
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
33.9K
Comparing Intermolecular Forces: Melting Point, Boiling Point, and Miscibility02:34

Comparing Intermolecular Forces: Melting Point, Boiling Point, and Miscibility

51.8K
Intermolecular forces are attractive forces that exist between molecules. They dictate several bulk properties, such as melting points, boiling points, and solubilities (miscibilities) of substances. Molar mass, molecular shape, and polarity affect the strength of different intermolecular forces, which influence the magnitude of physical properties across a family of molecules.
Temporary attractive forces like dispersion are present in all molecules, whether they are polar or nonpolar. They...
51.8K
Clausius-Clapeyron Equation02:35

Clausius-Clapeyron Equation

63.4K
The equilibrium between a liquid and its vapor depends on the temperature of the system; a rise in temperature causes a corresponding rise in the vapor pressure of its liquid. The Clausius-Clapeyron equation gives the quantitative relation between a substance’s vapor pressure (P) and its temperature (T); it predicts the rate at which vapor pressure increases per unit increase in temperature.
63.4K
Classification of Elements and Compounds02:54

Classification of Elements and Compounds

73.9K
Pure substances consist of only one type of matter. A pure substance can be an element or a compound. An element consists of only one type of atom, while a compound consists of two or more types of atoms held together by a chemical bond. Elements are classified as atomic or molecular based on the nature of their basic units.
Compounds are pure substances composed of two or more elements in fixed, definite proportions. Compounds are classified as ionic or molecular (covalent) based on the bonds...
73.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same journal

LLM-Guided Parameter Optimization for Mechanistic CHO Cell Bioreactor Models.

Biotechnology and bioengineering·2026
Same journal

Three-Dimensional-Printed Polylactic Acid Scaffolds Coated With a Paeonol-Incorporated Gelatin/Bioactive Glass Composite Layer for Enhanced Osteogenic Performance.

Biotechnology and bioengineering·2026
Same journal

Recent Progress in Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) Towards Enhanced Selectivity and Reduced Cytotoxicity by Molecular Engineering.

Biotechnology and bioengineering·2026
Same journal

mZVI-Enhanced Mixed Nitrogen Removal in Klebsiella oxytoca via Coordinated Electron Transfer and Metabolic Reprogramming.

Biotechnology and bioengineering·2026
Same journal

Growth Model for Continuous Culture of a Hydrogen-Oxidizing Bacterium, Hydrogenophilus thermoluteolus Strain TH-1.

Biotechnology and bioengineering·2026
Same journal

Glycoengineered Recombinant Alpha1-Antitrypsin Results in Comparable In Vitro and In Vivo Activities to Human Plasma-Derived Protein.

Biotechnology and bioengineering·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Microdialysis of Ethanol During Operant Ethanol Self-administration and Ethanol Determination by Gas Chromatography
10:11

Microdialysis of Ethanol During Operant Ethanol Self-administration and Ethanol Determination by Gas Chromatography

Published on: September 5, 2012

18.1K

The Brazilian ethanol program.

Luiz Straunard Pimentel1

  • 1Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnologicas do Estado de São Paulo (IPT), C.P. 7141, Cidade Universitaria - 05508, São Paulo, Brazil.

Biotechnology and Bioengineering
|January 19, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brazil

More Related Videos

Programmed Electrical Stimulation in Mice
07:29

Programmed Electrical Stimulation in Mice

Published on: May 26, 2010

21.3K
A Simple Way to Measure Ethanol Sensitivity in Flies
11:15

A Simple Way to Measure Ethanol Sensitivity in Flies

Published on: February 19, 2011

24.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Microdialysis of Ethanol During Operant Ethanol Self-administration and Ethanol Determination by Gas Chromatography
10:11

Microdialysis of Ethanol During Operant Ethanol Self-administration and Ethanol Determination by Gas Chromatography

Published on: September 5, 2012

18.1K
Programmed Electrical Stimulation in Mice
07:29

Programmed Electrical Stimulation in Mice

Published on: May 26, 2010

21.3K
A Simple Way to Measure Ethanol Sensitivity in Flies
11:15

A Simple Way to Measure Ethanol Sensitivity in Flies

Published on: February 19, 2011

24.2K

Area of Science:

  • Energy Policy
  • Renewable Energy Sources
  • Economic Development

Background:

  • Brazil's escalating reliance on petroleum as a primary energy source, increasing from 13.2% in 1940 to 41.7% in 1977.
  • Heightened dependence on foreign petroleum imports necessitated a governmental reevaluation of energy alternatives.
  • The establishment of the National Alcohol Program in 1975 as a key initiative to explore domestic energy solutions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the primary objectives of Brazil's National Alcohol Program within the broader national energy strategy.
  • To identify and analyze challenges associated with alcohol production and its practical utilization.
  • To review significant logistical issues concerning the distribution of alcohol to consumption hubs.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of energy consumption trends and import dependency.
  • Review of governmental energy policy documents and program objectives.
  • Examination of production, utilization, and distribution challenges for anhydrous alcohol.

Main Results:

  • Projected significant increase in anhydrous alcohol consumption for automotive use, from 1.74 × 10^6 m^3 to 4.7 × 10^6 m^3 between 1978 and 1987.
  • Identification of indirect benefits including foreign currency savings, job creation, and reduced income disparities.
  • Anticipated expansion in capital goods production and advancements in agricultural and industrial technologies.

Conclusions:

  • The National Alcohol Program offers substantial economic and technological advantages beyond energy security.
  • Addressing production and distribution challenges is crucial for the program's success.
  • The program represents a strategic move towards national energy independence and economic development.