Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

What is Gene Expression?

What is Gene Expression?

Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...

What is Gene Expression?

What is Gene Expression?

A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area.
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the...

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Genome reorganization and its functional impact during breast cancer progression.

eLife·2026

Same author

Predictive modeling of signal-responsive cis-elements in human red blood cell precursors.

Nucleic acids research·2026

Same author

Individual, community, and structural determinants of diagnostic testing decisions during public health crises: evidence from dynamic access and behavioural trade-offs.

BMJ public health·2026

Same author

Correction: Diagnostic Testing Preferences in Rural and Vulnerable Populations During a Pandemic: Discrete Choice Experiment.

JMIR public health and surveillance·2026

Same author

Upregulation of a CFTR mRNA isoform has therapeutic potential for the treatment of 3' CFTR PTC variants.

Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids·2026

Same author

Diagnostic Testing Preferences in Rural and Vulnerable Populations During a Pandemic: Discrete Choice Experiment.

JMIR public health and surveillance·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

RNA-Seq Analysis of Differential Gene Expression in Electroporated Chick Embryonic Spinal Cord

RNA-Seq Analysis of Differential Gene Expression in Electroporated Chick Embryonic Spinal Cord

Published on: November 1, 2014

High throughput analysis of differential gene expression.

John P Carulli¹, Michael Artinger¹, Pamela M Swain¹

¹Department of Human Genetics, Genome Therapeutics Corporation, Waltham, Massachusetts 02154.

Journal of Cellular Biochemistry

|January 19, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Analyzing gene expression changes is key in biology. This review covers five methods for differential gene expression analysis, aiding in novel gene discovery for drug development.

Keywords:

EST RDA cDNA microarray osteoblast differentiation pax-6

More Related Videos

Using an Automated Cell Counter to Simplify Gene Expression Studies: siRNA Knockdown of IL-4 Dependent Gene Expression in Namalwa Cells

Using an Automated Cell Counter to Simplify Gene Expression Studies: siRNA Knockdown of IL-4 Dependent Gene Expression in Namalwa Cells

Published on: April 14, 2010

Three Differential Expression Analysis Methods for RNA Sequencing: limma, EdgeR, DESeq2

Three Differential Expression Analysis Methods for RNA Sequencing: limma, EdgeR, DESeq2

Published on: September 18, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 15, 2026

RNA-Seq Analysis of Differential Gene Expression in Electroporated Chick Embryonic Spinal Cord

RNA-Seq Analysis of Differential Gene Expression in Electroporated Chick Embryonic Spinal Cord

Published on: November 1, 2014

Using an Automated Cell Counter to Simplify Gene Expression Studies: siRNA Knockdown of IL-4 Dependent Gene Expression in Namalwa Cells

Using an Automated Cell Counter to Simplify Gene Expression Studies: siRNA Knockdown of IL-4 Dependent Gene Expression in Namalwa Cells

Published on: April 14, 2010

Three Differential Expression Analysis Methods for RNA Sequencing: limma, EdgeR, DESeq2

Three Differential Expression Analysis Methods for RNA Sequencing: limma, EdgeR, DESeq2

Published on: September 18, 2021

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Computational Biology
Genomics

Background:

Understanding gene expression changes is crucial for biological research.
High-throughput methods have advanced differential gene expression analysis.
These advancements impact various fields including drug development and pharmacogenomics.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and discuss attributes of five common differential gene expression methods.
To illustrate the application of these methods in biological discovery.
To highlight the role of genomics in identifying novel drug targets.

Main Methods:

Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) sequencing
cDNA microarray hybridization
Subtractive cloning
Differential display
Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE)

Main Results:

EST sequencing and microarray hybridization aided in discovering novel genes for osteoblast differentiation.
Subtractive cloning identified genes regulated by the transcription factor pax-6.
Genomic approaches effectively discover novel genes relevant to biology and drug development.

Conclusions:

Each method for identifying differentially expressed genes has its utility.
Experimental context and subsequent evaluation are critical for successful gene discovery.
Genomics offers powerful tools for identifying novel genes and potential drug targets.