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Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

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Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction01:30

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Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) encompasses a spectrum of heart conditions caused by sudden obstruction of coronary arteries, typically resulting from the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque and subsequent thrombus (blood clot) formation. This obstruction can lead to partial or complete blockage of blood flow, causing varying degrees of myocardial ischemia or infarction.ACS includes the following clinical entities:Unstable Angina (UA)Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)ST-Elevation...
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Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction01:17

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Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is characterized by functional disturbances in the gastrointestinal system, presenting a cluster of symptoms without evident structural or biochemical abnormalities. It primarily affects the large intestine and may cause abdominal pain, bloating, excessive gas, diarrhea, constipation, or both.
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Restless Leg Syndrome and Night Terrors01:27

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Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS), also known as Willis-Ekbom disease, is a neurological disorder characterized by an uncontrollable urge to move the legs due to uncomfortable sensations. These sensations typically occur during periods of rest or inactivity, particularly when lying down or sitting, and can severely disrupt sleep.
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Acute Coronary Syndrome V: Nursing Management01:26

Acute Coronary Syndrome V: Nursing Management

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Nursing Assessment:Nursing management of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) involves taking the patient's history, focusing on primary complaints such as chest pain, dyspnea, and excessive sweating (diaphoresis), as well as other symptoms like back or jaw pain, nausea, vomiting, palpitations, dizziness, and fatigue. The nurse also reviews the patient's history of cardiac events, risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, smoking, family history, and current medications.In the objective assessment,...
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Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management01:26

Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management

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IntroductionNephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder marked by excessive protein loss in the urine, leading to various systemic complications. This condition often results from damage to the glomeruli—the kidney's filtering units—causing proteinuria, low blood protein levels, and fluid retention. Understanding the assessment, diagnosis, and management of nephrotic syndrome is essential for effective treatment and prevention of further kidney damage.AssessmentPatient History: Document...
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Neonatal abstinence syndrome: an update.

Lauren A Sanlorenzo1,2, Ann R Stark1,2, Stephen W Patrick1,2,3,4

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Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is rising, particularly in rural areas. New assessments and treatments like buprenorphine, alongside quality improvement initiatives, are improving care for affected infants.

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) epidemiology and management.
  • Public health challenges in maternal-infant health.
  • Pharmacogenomics and environmental factors in infant withdrawal.

Background:

  • Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) presents a significant public health concern with substantial medical and economic impacts.
  • The incidence of NAS has been increasing, with notable shifts in affected geographic areas.
  • Understanding factors influencing NAS expression is crucial for effective intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated review on the epidemiology of NAS.
  • To explore factors influencing NAS presentation and severity.
  • To highlight advances in NAS assessment, treatment, and quality improvement.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on NAS epidemiology and clinical management.
  • Analysis of emerging trends in NAS assessment tools.
  • Evaluation of novel therapeutic strategies and quality improvement models.

Main Results:

  • NAS incidence is rising, disproportionately affecting rural and suburban regions.
  • Polysubstance exposure and genetic factors modify NAS severity.
  • Novel bedside assessments reduce pharmacotherapy use; buprenorphine shows promise as an alternative to morphine.
  • Quality improvement initiatives are effectively advancing NAS care.

Conclusions:

  • NAS remains a critical public health issue requiring standardized care.
  • Emerging data on risk factors, assessment, and treatment offer new knowledge for clinicians and hospitals.
  • Quality improvement initiatives are vital for optimizing the management of infants with NAS.