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The relationship of lung function with ambient temperature.

Joseph M Collaco1, Lawrence J Appel1,2, John McGready2

  • 1Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.

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Summary

Warmer ambient temperatures are linked to reduced lung function in the general US population. This finding suggests climate change may impact respiratory health, similar to air pollution effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Lung function is a complex trait influenced by genetic and environmental factors.
  • The impact of geographic factors, like climate, on population respiratory health remains largely unknown.
  • Investigating the association between ambient temperature and lung function is crucial for understanding environmental health risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if ambient air temperature is associated with lung function (FEV1) in the general US population.
  • To quantify the relationship between temperature and lung function across different US regions.
  • To assess the potential public health implications of rising temperatures on respiratory health.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized spirometry data from two National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) periods (1988-94 and 2007-12).
  • Employed survey-weighted multivariate regression to assess associations between mean annual ambient temperature and lung function (FEV1).
  • Adjusted for relevant confounders to isolate the effect of temperature on lung function.

Main Results:

  • Warmer ambient temperatures were significantly associated with lower lung function in both NHANES cohorts (p=0.020 and p=0.014).
  • A decrease of 0.71% and 0.59% in predicted FEV1 was observed for every 10°F increase in mean temperature.
  • The difference in FEV1 between the warmest and coldest US regions was approximately 2% predicted.

Conclusions:

  • Living in warmer ambient air temperature regions is associated with reduced lung function in the general US population.
  • The effect size of temperature on lung function is comparable to that of traffic pollution.
  • Increasing temperatures due to climate change may negatively impact pulmonary function nationwide.