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This study introduces an improved smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method for simulating evaporating multiphase flows, enhancing heat and mass transfer calculations for better accuracy.

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Area of Science:

  • Computational Fluid Dynamics
  • Multiphase Flow Simulation
  • Heat and Mass Transfer

Background:

  • Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is widely used for fluid flow simulations.
  • Existing SPH methods need enhancement for accurate simulation of evaporating flows.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate an SPH method capable of simulating evaporating multiphase flows.
  • To accurately model heat and mass transfer across liquid-gas interfaces.

Main Methods:

  • Reformulated SPH conservation equations for mass, momentum, and energy.
  • Incorporated Clausius-Clapeyron correlation for interface vapor mass fraction.
  • Developed particle splitting/merging techniques for mass transfer.

Main Results:

  • Simulations showed good agreement with analytical solutions for the Stefan problem.
  • SPH results for drop evaporation compared favorably with level-set methods.
  • Successfully predicted shape evolution, temperature, and vapor mass fraction during drop impact.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed SPH method effectively simulates evaporating multiphase flows.
  • The method accurately captures heat and mass transfer phenomena.
  • Validated through diverse test cases including drop impact on hot surfaces.