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Conditional 1/f^{α} noise: From single molecules to macroscopic measurement
1Department of Physics, Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel.
Physical Review. E
|January 20, 2018
Summary
Single-molecule noise measurements reveal 1/f^{α} noise is nonstationary, unlike bulk measurements. This difference arises from the increasing number of fluctuating units over time, obscuring the true dynamics in macroscopic observations.
Area of Science:
- Physics
- Physical Chemistry
- Nanotechnology
Background:
- Macroscopic measurements of 1/f^{α} noise often assume stationarity.
- Single-molecule and nano-object dynamics can exhibit complex, time-dependent behavior.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the distinct characteristics of 1/f^{α} noise at the single-particle level compared to macroscopic measurements.
- To elucidate the reasons behind the apparent stationarity observed in bulk measurements.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of single-molecule and nano-object noise measurements.
- Utilizing stochastic and deterministic models, including superimposed Lorentzians and blinking quantum dot models.
- Exploring deterministic dynamics via nonlinear mapping.
Main Results:
- Single-particle measurements of 1/f^{α} noise yield conditional time-dependent spectra.
- Macroscopic measurements appear stationary due to an increasing number of fluctuating units over experimental timescales.
- The inherent non-stationarity of 1/f^{α} spectra is masked in bulk measurements.
Conclusions:
- 1/f^{α} noise at the single-particle level is fundamentally nonstationary.
- Macroscopic averaging conceals the underlying time-dependent nature of single-unit fluctuations.
- Understanding single-particle dynamics is crucial for interpreting complex noise phenomena.
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