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Generalized Archimedes' principle in active fluids.

Nitzan Razin1, Raphael Voituriez2, Jens Elgeti3

  • 1Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.

Physical Review. E
|January 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary
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A gradient in active particle motility creates a pressure gradient, propelling large objects. This finding, inspired by biological systems, offers insights into active matter physics and controlled micro-object manipulation.

Area of Science:

  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Active Matter Systems
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Active particles exhibit self-propulsion, leading to unique collective behaviors.
  • Biological systems, like the mouse oocyte, demonstrate movement driven by internal active processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically investigate how motility gradients in active particles generate forces on inert objects.
  • To establish a framework for understanding active particle systems with position-dependent properties.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a theoretical model for noninteracting pointlike active particles with position-dependent motility.
  • Calculated forces and pressure gradients in one and two dimensions.
  • Analyzed spatial profiles of density, velocity, and pressure.

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Main Results:

  • A motility gradient in active particles induces a pressure gradient.
  • This pressure gradient exerts a force, pushing large inert objects.
  • A modified Archimedes' principle was shown to be satisfied.

Conclusions:

  • Motility gradients are a key mechanism for generating directed motion in active matter.
  • The findings provide a theoretical basis for experiments involving active particle systems.
  • This work has implications for understanding biological self-organization and designing artificial active systems.