Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift01:09

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift

64.7K
In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).
64.7K
Statistical Significance01:50

Statistical Significance

22.3K
Once data is collected from both the experimental and the control groups, a statistical analysis is conducted to find out if there are meaningful differences between the two groups. A statistical analysis determines how likely any difference found is due to chance (and thus not meaningful). In psychology, group differences are considered meaningful, or significant, if the odds that these differences occurred by chance alone are 5 percent or less. Stated another way, if we repeated this...
22.3K
Instinctive Drift01:05

Instinctive Drift

844
Instinctive drift refers to the tendency of animals to revert to their innate behaviors despite repeated reinforcement. Breland and Breland demonstrated this concept in an experiment with a raccoon. The raccoon was trained to pick up two coins and place them in a container in exchange for food. Initially, the raccoon learned to associate the coins with food, making them a conditioned stimulus or a substitute for food. However, over time, the raccoon became less willing to put the coins into the...
844
Drift Velocity01:19

Drift Velocity

5.6K
The high speed of electrical signals results from the fact that the force between charges acts rapidly at a distance. Thus, when a free charge is forced into a wire, the incoming charge pushes other charges ahead due to the repulsive force between like charges. These moving charges move the charges farther down the line. The density of charge in a system cannot easily be increased, so the signal is passed on rapidly. The resulting electrical shock wave moves through the system at nearly the...
5.6K
Genetic Drift03:33

Genetic Drift

44.3K
Natural selection—probably the most well-known evolutionary mechanism—increases the prevalence of traits that enhance survival and reproduction. However, evolution does not merely propagate favorable traits, nor does it always benefit populations.
44.3K
Electron Transport Chains01:28

Electron Transport Chains

113.3K
The final stage of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation that consists of two steps: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. The electron transport chain is a set of proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells. Its primary function is to establish a proton gradient that can be used during chemiosmosis to produce ATP and generate electron carriers, such as NAD+ and FAD, that are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
The ETC is comprised of...
113.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The PET tracer [<sup>11</sup>C]MODAG-005 targets alpha-synuclein aggregates in the brain.

Science translational medicine·2026
Same author

A Comparison of 11 Clinical Risk Scores for Prediction of Survival After Curative-Intent Resection of Colorectal Liver Metastases.

Annals of surgical oncology·2026
Same author

Real-time breath metabolomics as catalyst for personalized lung cancer diagnostics: prospective matched case-control trial (LUCAbreath).

Translational lung cancer research·2026
Same author

Metabolic effects following initiation of single-inhaler triple therapy in COPD: a prospective observational study.

Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.)·2026
Same author

Floquet engineering of Feshbach resonances in ultracold gases.

Science advances·2025
Same author

Acute COPD exacerbation despite triple inhaled therapy: a molecular insight - TripleEx study.

Respiratory research·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Live Cell Imaging of Early Autophagy Events: Omegasomes and Beyond
09:00

Live Cell Imaging of Early Autophagy Events: Omegasomes and Beyond

Published on: July 27, 2013

19.3K

Extreme event statistics in a drifting Markov chain.

Farina Kindermann1, Michael Hohmann1, Tobias Lausch1

  • 1Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.

Physical Review. E
|January 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study analyzes extreme event statistics in a single atom

More Related Videos

Sample Drift Correction Following 4D Confocal Time-lapse Imaging
10:04

Sample Drift Correction Following 4D Confocal Time-lapse Imaging

Published on: April 12, 2014

17.0K
Identification of Homologous Recombination Events in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Using Southern Blotting and Polymerase Chain Reaction
08:01

Identification of Homologous Recombination Events in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Using Southern Blotting and Polymerase Chain Reaction

Published on: November 20, 2018

9.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Live Cell Imaging of Early Autophagy Events: Omegasomes and Beyond
09:00

Live Cell Imaging of Early Autophagy Events: Omegasomes and Beyond

Published on: July 27, 2013

19.3K
Sample Drift Correction Following 4D Confocal Time-lapse Imaging
10:04

Sample Drift Correction Following 4D Confocal Time-lapse Imaging

Published on: April 12, 2014

17.0K
Identification of Homologous Recombination Events in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Using Southern Blotting and Polymerase Chain Reaction
08:01

Identification of Homologous Recombination Events in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Using Southern Blotting and Polymerase Chain Reaction

Published on: November 20, 2018

9.8K

Area of Science:

  • Statistical Physics
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Nonlinear Dynamics

Background:

  • Markov chains are fundamental models in statistical physics.
  • Understanding extreme events and record statistics is crucial for analyzing complex systems.
  • Experimental realization of Markov chains provides insights into theoretical models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze extreme event statistics in experimentally realized Markov chains with varying drifts.
  • To verify the applicability of the Sparre Andersen theorem in a system with drift.
  • To investigate the influence of drift on rare-event statistics and record values.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of over 500 individual atomic trajectories in a 1D periodic potential.
  • Application of extreme value statistics, including distributions of extreme and record values.
  • Comparison of experimental data with numerical simulations.

Main Results:

  • The Sparre Andersen theorem is applicable to the studied system despite drift.
  • Extreme event distributions are primarily shaped by the underlying exponential distance distribution.
  • Even small drifts significantly influence extreme event and record value statistics.

Conclusions:

  • Extreme event statistics can serve as a sensitive indicator for detecting small drifts in correlated trajectories.
  • The study provides a framework for analyzing rare events in driven systems.
  • Drift determination is possible without prior knowledge of random variable distributions.