Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model01:15

Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model

1.9K
Dissolution, the process by which drug particles dissolve in a solvent, is explained by the diffusion layer model, a theoretical framework that simulates the absorption of oral drugs and allows us to analyze experimental data.
This process starts with a thin layer, saturated with the drug, forming at the interface between the solid and liquid. The solute then diffuses from this layer into the main solution. The Noyes-Whitney equation suggests that the rate of dissolution relies on the diffusion...
1.9K
Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

222.3K
Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
222.3K
Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

6.7K
Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
6.7K
Behavior of Gas Molecules: Molecular Diffusion, Mean Free Path, and Effusion03:48

Behavior of Gas Molecules: Molecular Diffusion, Mean Free Path, and Effusion

31.5K
Although gaseous molecules travel at tremendous speeds (hundreds of meters per second), they collide with other gaseous molecules and travel in many different directions before reaching the desired target. At room temperature, a gaseous molecule will experience billions of collisions per second. The mean free path is the average distance a molecule travels between collisions. The mean free path increases with decreasing pressure; in general, the mean free path for a gaseous molecule will be...
31.5K
Facilitated Diffusion01:16

Facilitated Diffusion

1.4K
The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
In this process, substrates such as organic compounds and ions interact with a transporter on one side, triggering conformational changes in proteins that enable...
1.4K
Layers of the Epidermis01:21

Layers of the Epidermis

9.0K
The epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin, is composed of several distinct layers. From deep to superficial, the layers of the epidermis are as follows:
Stratum Basale
Stratum basale, also known as the stratum germinativum, is the deepest layer of the epidermis. It is composed of a single layer of actively dividing cells called basal cells or basal keratinocytes. These cells constantly undergo cell division to replenish the upper layers of the epidermis. Additionally, melanocytes, which...
9.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Quenching of long-wavelength non-equilibrium temperature fluctuations in a thermophilic colloidal suspension heated from below.

The Journal of chemical physics·2025
Same author

Taming the diffusiophoretic convective instability in colloidal suspensions.

Soft matter·2025
Same author

Convective Instability Driven by Diffusiophoresis of Colloids in Binary Liquid Mixtures.

The journal of physical chemistry letters·2024
Same author

Modeling and correction of image drift in dynamic shadowgraphy experiments.

The European physical journal. E, Soft matter·2024
Same author

Pronking and bounding allow a fast escape across a grassland populated by scattered obstacles.

Royal Society open science·2023
Same author

Dynamics of non-equilibrium concentration fluctuations during free-diffusion in highly stratified solutions of glycerol and water.

The Journal of chemical physics·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Measuring Microbial Mutation Rates with the Fluctuation Assay
07:44

Measuring Microbial Mutation Rates with the Fluctuation Assay

Published on: November 28, 2019

25.0K

Nonequilibrium fluctuations during diffusion in liquid layers.

Doriano Brogioli1, Alberto Vailati2

  • 1Universität Bremen, Energiespeicher- und Energiewandlersysteme, Bibliothekstraße 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany.

Physical Review. E
|January 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Non-equilibrium concentration fluctuations in fluids are amplified in 2D systems compared to 3D. These fluctuations exhibit self-affine diffusion fronts, impacting liquid crystals and cell membranes.

More Related Videos

Evolution of Staircase Structures in Diffusive Convection
07:28

Evolution of Staircase Structures in Diffusive Convection

Published on: September 5, 2018

6.9K
Experimental Methodology for Estimation of Local Heat Fluxes and Burning Rates in Steady Laminar Boundary Layer Diffusion Flames
10:29

Experimental Methodology for Estimation of Local Heat Fluxes and Burning Rates in Steady Laminar Boundary Layer Diffusion Flames

Published on: June 1, 2016

12.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Measuring Microbial Mutation Rates with the Fluctuation Assay
07:44

Measuring Microbial Mutation Rates with the Fluctuation Assay

Published on: November 28, 2019

25.0K
Evolution of Staircase Structures in Diffusive Convection
07:28

Evolution of Staircase Structures in Diffusive Convection

Published on: September 5, 2018

6.9K
Experimental Methodology for Estimation of Local Heat Fluxes and Burning Rates in Steady Laminar Boundary Layer Diffusion Flames
10:29

Experimental Methodology for Estimation of Local Heat Fluxes and Burning Rates in Steady Laminar Boundary Layer Diffusion Flames

Published on: June 1, 2016

12.4K

Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Soft Matter Physics

Background:

  • Long-range nonequilibrium concentration fluctuations are observed during fluid diffusion.
  • These fluctuations are typically studied in three-dimensional (3D) systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how system dimensionality affects nonequilibrium concentration fluctuations.
  • To extend theoretical analysis to two-dimensional (2D) systems.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of diffusion processes.
  • Mathematical modeling of fluid systems in 2D and 3D.
  • Characterization of diffusion front properties.

Main Results:

  • Nonequilibrium fluctuation amplitude is significantly larger in 2D than in 3D fluids.
  • Diffusion fronts in 2D systems exhibit a self-affine structure.
  • A Hurst exponent of H=1 characterizes these 2D diffusion fronts.

Conclusions:

  • System dimensionality strongly influences the amplitude and behavior of nonequilibrium concentration fluctuations.
  • The findings have implications for understanding diffusion in 2D systems like liquid crystals and biological membranes.