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Band Theory02:35

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When two or more atoms come together to form a molecule, their atomic orbitals combine and molecular orbitals of distinct energies result. In a solid, there are a large number of atoms, and therefore a large number of atomic orbitals that may be combined into molecular orbitals. These groups of molecular orbitals are so closely placed together to form continuous regions of energies, known as the bands.
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Polymers02:34

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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Isolated atoms have discrete energy levels that are well described by the Bohr model. And, it quantifies the energy of an electron in a hydrogen atom as En. Higher quantum numbers 'n' yield less negative, closer electron energy levels.
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In the study of beam mechanics, shear diagrams play a crucial role in understanding the distribution of shear forces along the length of a beam. Consider a beam AB that is supported at both ends and subjected to perpendicular loads.
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Shearing stress, denoted by the Greek letter tau (τ), is stress caused by forces acting transversely on an object. These forces create internal ones within the entity in the plane where the external forces are applied. The resultant of these internal forces is the shear in the section.
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Molecular Entanglement and Electrospinnability of Biopolymers
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Shear-banding and superdiffusivity in entangled polymer solutions.

Seunghwan Shin1, Kevin D Dorfman1, Xiang Cheng1

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.

Physical Review. E
|January 20, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We observed shear banding in DNA solutions, revealing abnormal tracer particle motion like Lévy walks. This suggests localized chain disentanglement is key to understanding complex fluid behavior.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Physics
  • Rheology
  • Soft Matter Science

Background:

  • Entangled polymer solutions exhibit complex flow behaviors under shear.
  • Understanding shear banding is crucial for predicting material properties and processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate shear profiles and microscopic dynamics in entangled DNA solutions under oscillatory shear.
  • To elucidate the origins of shear banding and anomalous tracer particle motion.

Main Methods:

  • High-resolution confocal rheometry in a rectilinear planar shear cell.
  • Analysis of micron-sized tracer particle dynamics and displacement distributions.
  • Characterization of length and time scales of particle motion.

Main Results:

  • Observed transitions from Newtonian to wall-slip and then to shear-banding flow with increasing Weissenberg number.
  • Tracer particles exhibited transient superdiffusivity and dynamic heterogeneity.
  • Particle displacements followed power-law scaling, indicating Lévy-walk-type motion.

Conclusions:

  • Shear banding in DNA solutions is linked to anomalous tracer dynamics.
  • Localized shear-induced chain disentanglement is hypothesized as the underlying mechanism.
  • Findings offer insights into complex fluid rheology and dynamics.