Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Second Order systems II

Second Order systems II

In an underdamped second-order system, where the damping ratio ζ is between 0 and 1, a unit-step input results in a transfer function that, when transformed using the inverse Laplace method, reveals the output response. The output exhibits a damped sinusoidal oscillation, and the difference between the input and output is termed the error signal. This error signal also demonstrates damped oscillatory behavior. Eventually, as the system reaches a steady state, the error diminishes to zero.

Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Skeletal Muscles

Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Skeletal Muscles

Excitation-contraction coupling is a series of events that occur between generating an action potential and initiating a muscle contraction. It occurs at the triad, a structure found in skeletal muscle fibers that comprise a T-tubule and terminal cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum on each side. These triads are visible in longitudinally sectioned muscle fibers. They are typically located at the A-I junction — the junction between the A and I bands of the sarcomere.
When an action...

First Order Systems

First Order Systems

First-order systems, such as RC circuits, are foundational in understanding dynamic systems due to their straightforward input-output relationship. Analyzing their responses to different input functions under zero initial conditions reveals significant insights into system behavior.
When a first-order system is subjected to a unit-step input, its response is characterized by its transfer function. By applying the Laplace transform of the unit-step input to the transfer function, expanding the...

Second Order systems I

Second Order systems I

A servo system exemplifies a second-order system, featuring a proportional controller and load elements that ensure the output position aligns with the input position. The relationship between these components is described by a second-order differential equation. Applying the Laplace transform under zero initial conditions yields the transfer function, showing how inputs are converted to outputs in the system.
By reinterpreting the system, one can derive the closed-loop transfer function, which...

Endocrine Signaling

Endocrine Signaling

Endocrine cells produce hormones to communicate with remote target cells found in other organs. The hormone reaches these distant areas using the circulatory system. This exposes the whole organism to the hormone but only those cells expressing hormone receptors or target cells are affected. Thus, endocrine signaling induces slow responses from its target cells but these effects also last longer.

Bacterial Signaling

Bacterial Signaling

Bacterial signaling can occur within bacteria (intracellular) or between bacteria (intercellular). At times, a group of bacteria behaves like a community. To achieve this, they engage in quorum sensing, the perception of higher cell density that causes changes in gene expression. Quorum sensing involves both extracellular and intracellular signaling. The signaling cascade starts with a molecule called an autoinducer (AI). Individual bacteria produce AIs that move out of the bacterial cell...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

The association between sleep spindles and cognitive performance in euthymic bipolar disorder.

Translational psychiatry·2026

Same author

From sleep staging to spindle detection: a case study on end-to-end automated sleep analysis.

Scientific reports·2026

Same author

Impaired sleep microarchitecture is associated with locus coeruleus degeneration in Parkinson's disease.

Parkinsonism & related disorders·2026

Same author

Statistical inference on specifying regression models for detecting dependence in autocorrelated series.

Physical review. E·2026

Same author

Transient times and cycle-rich topology in reservoir computing.

Chaos (Woodbury, N.Y.)·2026

Same author

Superstable geometry in triadic percolation.

Physical review. E·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Excitation-Scanning Hyperspectral Imaging Microscopy to Efficiently Discriminate Fluorescence Signals

Excitation-Scanning Hyperspectral Imaging Microscopy to Efficiently Discriminate Fluorescence Signals

Published on: August 22, 2019

Early warning signal for interior crises in excitable systems.

Rajat Karnatak¹, Holger Kantz², Stephan Bialonski²

¹Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany.

Physical Review. E

|January 20, 2018

Summary

Predicting critical transitions in dynamical systems is enhanced by a new early warning signal: critical attractor growth. This method identifies impending global bifurcations, improving predictions for climate and neural models.

More Related Videos

Wide-Field, Real-Time Imaging of Local and Systemic Wound Signals in Arabidopsis

Wide-Field, Real-Time Imaging of Local and Systemic Wound Signals in Arabidopsis

Published on: June 4, 2021

Assessing Primary Motor Cortex Excitability and Excitability Modulation by Pairing Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation with Electromyography

Assessing Primary Motor Cortex Excitability and Excitability Modulation by Pairing Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation with Electromyography

Published on: October 7, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Excitation-Scanning Hyperspectral Imaging Microscopy to Efficiently Discriminate Fluorescence Signals

Excitation-Scanning Hyperspectral Imaging Microscopy to Efficiently Discriminate Fluorescence Signals

Published on: August 22, 2019

Wide-Field, Real-Time Imaging of Local and Systemic Wound Signals in Arabidopsis

Wide-Field, Real-Time Imaging of Local and Systemic Wound Signals in Arabidopsis

Published on: June 4, 2021

Assessing Primary Motor Cortex Excitability and Excitability Modulation by Pairing Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation with Electromyography

Assessing Primary Motor Cortex Excitability and Excitability Modulation by Pairing Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation with Electromyography

Published on: October 7, 2025

Area of Science:

Complex Systems Science
Dynamical Systems Theory
Computational Neuroscience

Background:

Predicting critical transitions in dynamical systems is crucial across scientific fields.
Existing early warning signals primarily address local bifurcations and non-bifurcation transitions.
A gap exists in predicting global bifurcations, particularly interior crises in excitable systems.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce and validate a novel early warning signal for impending global bifurcations.
To demonstrate the applicability of this signal in diverse complex systems.
To extend the predictability of transitions in dynamical systems.

Main Methods:

Investigated characteristic scaling behavior termed 'critical attractor growth'.
Applied the early warning signal to a conceptual climate model.
Tested the signal in a model of coupled neurons exhibiting extreme events.

Main Results:

Observed critical attractor growth as a reliable indicator of impending interior crises.
Demonstrated this phenomenon in both chaotic and strange-nonchaotic attractors.
Validated the signal's effectiveness in climate and neural network models.

Conclusions:

Critical attractor growth is a novel and effective early warning signal for interior crises.
This finding expands the range of predictable transitions in dynamical systems.
The signal holds promise for predicting extreme events in complex systems.