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Related Concept Videos

Colloids03:22

Colloids

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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
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The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
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Diffusion01:12

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Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
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Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
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Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge02:54

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An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
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The Bewley lattice diagram, developed by L. V. Bewley, effectively organizes the reflections occurring during transmission-line transients. It visually represents how voltage waves propagate and reflect within a transmission line, making it easier to understand the complex interactions that occur.
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Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Colloids
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Diffusion, subdiffusion, and localization of active colloids in random post lattices.

Alexandre Morin1, David Lopes Cardozo1, Vijayakumar Chikkadi1

  • 1Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France.

Physical Review. E
|January 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Self-propelled particles in crowded environments transition from diffusive to localized motion with increasing obstacle density. This localization is driven by excluded-volume interactions at the void-percolation threshold.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • Self-propelled particles exhibit complex dynamics in confined or crowded environments.
  • Understanding particle motion in disordered media is crucial for various scientific fields.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamics of self-propelled particles in crowded environments.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms behind transitions in particle motion (diffusive, subdiffusive, localized).

Main Methods:

  • Combination of experimental studies and theoretical modeling.
  • Extensive simulations analyzing colloid-obstacle interactions.
  • Analysis of particle dynamics at varying obstacle densities.

Main Results:

  • Motile colloids transition from diffusive to subdiffusive and then localized dynamics with increasing obstacle density.
  • Both repulsion at a distance and hard-core interactions slow down diffusion.
  • Localization is solely due to excluded-volume interactions at the void-percolation threshold.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals distinct mechanisms for diffusion slowdown and localization in crowded environments.
  • Localization occurs at a critical point analogous to the random Lorentz gas.
  • Asymptotic subdiffusion is observed only at the critical density within a fractal maze.