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Related Concept Videos

Heat Engines01:10

Heat Engines

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A heat engine is a device used to extract heat from a source and then convert it into mechanical work used for various applications. For example, a steam engine on an old-style train can produce the work needed for driving the train.
Whenever we consider heat engines (and associated devices such as refrigerators and heat pumps), we do not use the standard sign convention for heat and work. For convenience, we assume that the symbols Qh, Qc, and W represent only the amounts of heat transferred...
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It is said that the energy of an electron in an atom is quantized; that is, it can be equal only to certain specific values and can jump from one energy level to another but not transition smoothly or stay between these levels.
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The mean is a measure of the central tendency of a data set. In some data sets, the data is inherently multiplicative, and the arithmetic mean is not useful. For example, the human population multiplies with time, and so does the credit amount of financial investment, as the interest compounds over successive time intervals.
In cases of multiplicative data, the geometric mean is used for statistical analysis. First, the product of all the elements is taken. Then, if there are n elements in the...
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In systems where values diminish by a constant proportion at each stage, the resulting sequence follows a geometric structure. Each new value in the sequence is obtained by applying a fixed multiplier to the preceding term. This regular, proportional decline type is often used to represent processes involving gradual loss, such as energy dissipation or reduction in amplitude over time.When analyzing the total effect of such a process across unlimited iterations, the series of values is referred...
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The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

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Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
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When a substance—isolated from its environment—is subjected to heat changes, corresponding changes in temperature and phase of the substance is observed; this is graphically represented by heating and cooling curves.
For instance, the addition of heat raises the temperature of a solid; the amount of heat absorbed depends on the heat capacity of the solid (q = mcsolidΔT). According to thermochemistry, the relation between the amount of heat absorbed or released by a substance, q, and its...
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Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
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Geometric phaselike effects in a quantum heat engine.

Sajal Kumar Giri1, Himangshu Prabal Goswami1

  • 1Finite Systems Division, Max-Planck-Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany.

Physical Review. E
|January 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Quantum heat engines exhibit Pancharatnam-Berry phase-like effects, altering thermodynamic properties. These effects impact efficiency and invalidate standard fluctuation theorems in quantum thermodynamics.

Area of Science:

  • Quantum Thermodynamics
  • Quantum Information
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • Quantum heat engines offer a platform for exploring fundamental thermodynamic principles.
  • Geometric phases, like the Pancharatnam-Berry phase (PBp), can emerge in quantum systems.
  • Understanding these effects is crucial for advancing quantum thermodynamics and engine design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the emergence and thermodynamic implications of PBp effects in quantum heat engines.
  • To analyze the behavior of fluctuation theorems and large deviation theory under PBp conditions.
  • To determine the influence of PBp on quantum coherences and engine efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a quantum heat engine model with periodically driven reservoir temperatures.

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  • Employing a generating function (GF) method within an adiabatic quantum Markovian master equation formalism.
  • Analyzing the deviation from standard open quantum system fluctuation theorems and efficiency scaling.

    • Main Results:

    • PBp effects were observed and identified using the GF method.
    • The GF method, under phase-different modulations, deviates from standard fluctuation theorems, rendering large deviation theory inapplicable.
    • Quantum coherences do not optimize flux due to PBp contributions.
    • The universal linear coefficient (1/2) for efficiency at maximum power expansion is invalidated.

    Conclusions:

    • PBp effects significantly modify the thermodynamic behavior of quantum heat engines.
    • Standard theoretical frameworks like fluctuation theorems and large deviation theory have limitations in the presence of PBp.
    • The observed deviations highlight new avenues for understanding and potentially controlling quantum thermodynamic processes.