Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Michaelis-Menten Equation01:18

Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Michaelis-Menten Equation

1.1K
The Michaelis–Menten equation is a fundamental model for describing capacity-limited kinetics in drug metabolism. It offers insights into the rate of decline of plasma drug concentration Cp over time, with Vmax and KM as pivotal parameters.
Vmax represents the maximum achievable process rate, while KM, known as the Michaelis constant, signifies the drug concentration at which the process rate reaches half its maximum. This relationship between Vmax, KM, and Cp gives rise to three distinct...
1.1K
Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Causes of Nonlinearity01:22

Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Causes of Nonlinearity

761
Nonlinearity in drug pharmacokinetics is caused by various factors influencing how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted. Understanding these nonlinear processes is crucial for predicting drug behavior in the body and optimizing drug dosing regimens.
Nonlinear drug absorption can occur when the process is rate-limited by solubility, carrier-mediated transport systems, or saturation of the presystemic gut wall or hepatic metabolism. For instance, high doses of riboflavin...
761
Chemical Equations03:10

Chemical Equations

82.3K
Chemical equations represent the identities and relative quantities of substances involved in a chemical reaction. The substances undergoing reaction are called reactants, and their formulas are placed on the left side of the equation. The substances generated by the reaction are called products, and their formulas are placed on the right side of the equation. Plus signs (+) separate individual reactant and product formulas, and an arrow (→) separates the reactant and product (left and right)...
82.3K
The Nernst Equation02:59

The Nernst Equation

47.3K
Nonstandard Reaction Conditions
The interconnection between standard cell potentials and various thermodynamic parameters such as the standard free energy change ΔG° and equilibrium constant K has been previously explored. For example, a redox reaction involving zinc(II) and tin(II) ions at 1 M concentration with Eºcell = +0.291 V and ΔG° = −56.2 kJ is spontaneous.
47.3K
Thermochemical Equations02:55

Thermochemical Equations

36.1K
For a chemical reaction (the system) carried out at constant pressure – with the only work done caused by expansion or contraction – the enthalpy of reaction (also called the heat of reaction, ΔHrxn) is equal to the heat exchanged with the surroundings (qp).
36.1K
Clausius-Clapeyron Equation02:35

Clausius-Clapeyron Equation

63.4K
The equilibrium between a liquid and its vapor depends on the temperature of the system; a rise in temperature causes a corresponding rise in the vapor pressure of its liquid. The Clausius-Clapeyron equation gives the quantitative relation between a substance’s vapor pressure (P) and its temperature (T); it predicts the rate at which vapor pressure increases per unit increase in temperature.
63.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Prolate and oblate nematic shells under equal and hybrid alignments.

Physical review. E·2026
Same author

Anomalous dynamics in complex quantum systems with nonlocal interactions.

Chaos (Woodbury, N.Y.)·2026
Same author

Anomalous relaxation and electrical impedance: A diffusion approach with adsorption-desorption at the interfaces.

Chaos (Woodbury, N.Y.)·2025
Same author

Diffusion in comb-structured surfaces coupled to bulk processes.

Chaos (Woodbury, N.Y.)·2025
Same author

Unitary evolution for a two-level quantum system in fractional-time scenario.

Physical review. E·2022
Same author

Efficiency of random search with space-dependent diffusivity.

Physical review. E·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Measurement of Scattering Nonlinearities from a Single Plasmonic Nanoparticle
15:06

Measurement of Scattering Nonlinearities from a Single Plasmonic Nanoparticle

Published on: January 3, 2016

13.4K

Entropic nonadditivity, H theorem, and nonlinear Klein-Kramers equations.

M A F Dos Santos1, E K Lenzi1,2

  • 1Departamento de Física, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Av. General Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, Ponta Grossa, PR 87030-900, Brazil.

Physical Review. E
|January 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary

The H theorem establishes entropy laws for Klein-Kramers systems. Linear systems show standard additivity, while nonlinear systems reveal nonadditive generalized entropy, like Tsallis entropy, when coupled.

More Related Videos

Unraveling Entropic Rate Acceleration Induced by Solvent Dynamics in Membrane Enzymes
09:42

Unraveling Entropic Rate Acceleration Induced by Solvent Dynamics in Membrane Enzymes

Published on: January 16, 2016

9.4K
Implementation of a Nonlinear Microscope Based on Stimulated Raman Scattering
09:13

Implementation of a Nonlinear Microscope Based on Stimulated Raman Scattering

Published on: July 6, 2019

8.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Measurement of Scattering Nonlinearities from a Single Plasmonic Nanoparticle
15:06

Measurement of Scattering Nonlinearities from a Single Plasmonic Nanoparticle

Published on: January 3, 2016

13.4K
Unraveling Entropic Rate Acceleration Induced by Solvent Dynamics in Membrane Enzymes
09:42

Unraveling Entropic Rate Acceleration Induced by Solvent Dynamics in Membrane Enzymes

Published on: January 16, 2016

9.4K
Implementation of a Nonlinear Microscope Based on Stimulated Raman Scattering
09:13

Implementation of a Nonlinear Microscope Based on Stimulated Raman Scattering

Published on: July 6, 2019

8.1K

Area of Science:

  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Nonlinear Dynamics

Background:

  • The H theorem is fundamental for understanding entropy and irreversibility.
  • Klein-Kramers equations describe the dynamics of systems with friction and random forces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate entropy and additivity laws for systems governed by Klein-Kramers equations.
  • To analyze how linear versus nonlinear dynamics affect entropic properties.

Main Methods:

  • Application of the H theorem to systems composed of subsystems.
  • Analysis of linear and nonlinear Klein-Kramers equations.
  • Examination of entropic additivity for Boltzmann-Gibbs and Tsallis entropies.

Main Results:

  • For linear Klein-Kramers equations, Boltzmann-Gibbs entropy is appropriate and exhibits standard additivity.
  • For independent nonlinear Klein-Kramers equations, a generalized entropy is verified, showing nonadditive properties.
  • Coupled nonlinear Klein-Kramers equations lead to Tsallis entropy and a nonadditive entropic relation.

Conclusions:

  • The nature of the Klein-Kramers dynamics (linear vs. nonlinear) dictates the type of entropy and its additivity properties.
  • Nonlinear dynamics and coupling are crucial for understanding nonadditive entropy in complex systems.
  • The study provides insights into generalized statistical mechanics and information theory.