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ATP Driven Pumps II: P-type Pumps01:34

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The P-type pumps are a large family of integral membrane transporter ATPases. They are divided into five major types based on substrate specificity, from I to V.
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V-type pumps are ATP-driven pumps found in the vacuolar membranes of plants, yeast, endosomal and lysosomal membranes of animal cells, plasma membranes of a few specialized eukaryotic cells, and some prokaryotes. They are also known as the V1Vo-ATPase, that couple ATP hydrolysis to transport protons against a concentration gradient.
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ATP-driven pumps, also known as transport ATPases, are integral membrane proteins. They have binding sites for ATP located on the membrane's cytosolic side and the ion-conducting domain in the transmembrane region. These pumps use the free energy released from ATP hydrolysis to move the solutes across cell membranes against an electrochemical gradient.
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A pure, perfectly crystalline solid possessing no kinetic energy (that is, at a temperature of absolute zero, 0 K) may be described by a single microstate, as its purity, perfect crystallinity,and complete lack of motion means there is but one possible location for each identical atom or molecule comprising the crystal (W = 1). According to the Boltzmann equation, the entropy of this system is zero.
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In the quest to identify a property that may reliably predict the spontaneity of a process, a promising candidate has been identified: entropy. Processes that involve an increase in entropy of the system (ΔS > 0) are very often spontaneous; however, examples to the contrary are plentiful. By expanding consideration of entropy changes to include the surroundings, a significant conclusion regarding the relation between this property and spontaneity may be reached. In thermodynamic models, the...
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The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that entropy, or the amount of disorder in a system, increases each time energy is transferred or transformed. Each energy transfer results in a certain amount of energy that is lost—usually in the form of heat—that increases the disorder of the surroundings. This can also be demonstrated in a classic food web. Herbivores harvest chemical energy from plants and release heat and carbon dioxide into the environment. Carnivores harvest the...
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Stochastic thermodynamics for a periodically driven single-particle pump.

Alexandre Rosas1, Christian Van den Broeck2, Katja Lindenberg3

  • 1Departamento de Física, CCEN, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Caixa Postal 5008, 58059-900, João Pessoa, Brazil.

Physical Review. E
|January 20, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We analyzed a time-periodic single-particle pump far from equilibrium. Our study details its flux, efficiency, and entropy production, revealing deviations from standard thermodynamic models.

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Area of Science:

  • Non-equilibrium thermodynamics
  • Statistical mechanics
  • Mesoscopic physics

Background:

  • Understanding energy conversion in small systems is crucial.
  • Single-particle pumps are fundamental models for active matter.
  • Thermodynamic analysis typically focuses on equilibrium or near-equilibrium systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To perform a stochastic thermodynamic analysis of a time-periodic single-particle pump.
  • To derive explicit results for key thermodynamic quantities.
  • To investigate system behavior far from equilibrium and compare it to linear regimes.

Main Methods:

  • Stochastic thermodynamics framework
  • Analysis of a time-periodic single-particle pump model
  • Derivation of exact results for flux, entropy production, work, and heat

Main Results:

  • Explicit expressions for flux, thermodynamic force, entropy production, work, heat, and efficiency were obtained.
  • The analysis successfully characterized the pump's performance far from thermodynamic equilibrium.
  • Deviations from the linear Onsager regime were identified and discussed.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a comprehensive thermodynamic characterization of a periodically driven single-particle pump.
  • The findings extend the applicability of stochastic thermodynamics to far-from-equilibrium systems.
  • The results offer insights into energy dissipation and efficiency in non-equilibrium nanoscale devices.