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Summary

This study identified three subtypes of sensory processing disorder (SPD) in children using the SP-3D Inventory. These subtypes showed distinct patterns in sensory overresponsivity, underresponsivity, and craving, impacting adaptive behaviors.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Occupational Therapy

Background:

  • Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) presents with diverse clinical manifestations.
  • Subtyping SPD is crucial for understanding its heterogeneity and guiding targeted interventions.
  • The Sensory Processing 3-Dimension (SP-3D) Inventory assesses various sensory processing patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore and identify distinct subtypes of SPD in children.
  • To examine the clinical presentations of emergent cluster groups based on SP-3D Inventory scores.
  • To investigate the relationship between sensory modulation patterns and adaptive functioning.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a nonexperimental design with data from 252 children diagnosed with SPD.
  • Conducted exploratory cluster analyses on SP-3D Inventory scores measuring sensory overresponsivity (SOR), sensory underresponsivity (SUR), and sensory craving (SC).
  • Compared scores related to adaptive behavior, social-emotional functioning, and attention across identified sensory modulation patterns.

Main Results:

  • Identified three distinct clusters: High SOR only, High SUR with SOR, and High SC with SOR.
  • All identified clusters demonstrated deficits in multiple domains of adaptive behavior.
  • Atypical social-emotional functioning and attention patterns varied significantly among the different SPD subtypes.

Conclusions:

  • The SP-3D Inventory is a promising tool for identifying sensory dysfunction patterns in children.
  • Characterizing SPD subtypes can enhance intervention precision and clinical decision-making.
  • Homogenous samples derived from identified subtypes will facilitate more robust research outcomes.