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Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Multi-photon Imaging of Tumor Cell Invasion in an Orthotopic Mouse Model of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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PD-L1 expression in tumor tissue and peripheral blood of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma

Manuel Weber1, Falk Wehrhan1, Christoph Baran1

  • 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.

Oncotarget
|January 20, 2018
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Programmed cell death-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression is elevated in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and associated with malignancy. Increased PD-L1 in blood may indicate metastatic disease in OSCC patients.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 are key regulators of immune escape in solid tumors, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).
  • While PD-1/PD-L1 pathway inhibitors show efficacy in advanced cancers, their specific role in OSCC pathogenesis remains unclear.
  • Understanding PD-L1 expression in OSCC is crucial for developing targeted immunotherapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between PD-L1 expression in OSCC tumor tissue and peripheral blood with histomorphological tumor characteristics.
  • To compare PD-L1 expression levels in OSCC patients versus healthy controls.
  • To determine if PD-L1 expression can serve as a biomarker for disease progression in OSCC.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to measure PD-L1 mRNA expression.
  • Samples analyzed included tumor tissue, adjacent healthy oral mucosa, and peripheral blood from 45 OSCC patients and 36 controls.
  • Statistical analyses included Mann-Whitney U-test, cut-off point analysis, and Chi-square test.

Main Results:

  • OSCC tumor specimens exhibited significantly higher PD-L1 mRNA expression (over 3-fold upregulation) compared to oral mucosa controls (p < 0.001).
  • Increased PD-L1 mRNA in tumor tissue correlated significantly with malignancy (p < 0.001).
  • Higher tumor grade and lymph node metastasis (N+) in OSCC patients were significantly associated with elevated PD-L1 expression in peripheral blood (p < 0.05), with a strong association with nodal status (p ≤ 0.002).

Conclusions:

  • PD-L1 expression in OSCC likely contributes to a local immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
  • Elevated PD-L1 in OSCC correlates with increased malignancy, suggesting PD-L1-mediated systemic immune tolerance.
  • PD-L1 expression in peripheral blood may serve as a valuable indicator of metastatic disease (N+) in OSCC patients.
Keywords:
OSCCPCRPD-L1mRNAperipheral blood

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