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Related Concept Videos

Psychodynamic Perspectives on Personality01:27

Psychodynamic Perspectives on Personality

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The psychodynamic perspective in psychology asserts that most personality functions operate unconsciously, outside of awareness. This means that the motives and emotions driving behavior often remain hidden, automatically buried in the unconscious mind as a defense mechanism to shield us from psychological distress. According to this theory, the unconscious mind contains thoughts, memories, and emotions that are too disturbing to face directly.
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Social Cognitive Perspective on Personality01:30

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Social cognitive perspectives on personality emphasize the importance of conscious awareness, beliefs, expectations, and goals in shaping behavior. These perspectives incorporate behaviorist principles, such as learning through reinforcement and conditioning, but extend beyond them by highlighting human reasoning and planning. Unlike traditional behaviorist views, social cognitive theory focuses on how individuals reflect on their past experiences and plan for future outcomes by considering...
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Criticisms of the Evolutionary Perspective01:23

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In a study where individuals posing as strangers offered compliments and proposed casual sex to students, the responses differed significantly based on gender. Not a single woman accepted the proposal, while 70% of the men agreed. This outcome provides a useful scenario to explore through the lens of evolutionary psychology and social learning theory, highlighting the diverse perspectives on human sexual behaviors.
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The Behavioral Perspective on Personality01:19

The Behavioral Perspective on Personality

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Behaviorists view personality as primarily shaped by environmental reinforcements and consequences. According to this perspective, behavior is influenced by external stimuli, and individuals adjust their actions based on rewards and punishments. Over time, learning histories — accumulated patterns of reinforcement — play a significant role in shaping personality. Behaviors that lead to positive outcomes are reinforced, while those resulting in negative outcomes are diminished.
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Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

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The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
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Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
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Built environment assessment: Multidisciplinary perspectives.

Karen Glanz1, Susan L Handy2, Kathryn E Henderson3

  • 1Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine and School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, 801 Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.

SSM - Population Health
|January 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scientists are improving obesity prevention by examining how built environments impact health. Interdisciplinary collaboration is key, but gaps remain in effectively integrating diverse expertise for better public health outcomes.

Keywords:
Built environmentGIS, geographic information systemsIPE, interprofessional educationInterprofessional educationMAPS, Microscale Audit of Pedestrian StreetscapesNEMS, Nutrition Environment Measure SurveyNutritionObesityPhysical activity

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Environmental Science
  • Urban Planning

Background:

  • Rising global obesity rates necessitate innovative strategies for environmental health assessment.
  • Built and social environments significantly influence population health and require multidisciplinary approaches for effective modification.
  • Interdisciplinary collaboration is crucial for developing comprehensive solutions to complex public health challenges like obesity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze how diverse disciplinary perspectives contribute to assessing built environments for obesity prevention.
  • To identify existing gaps and opportunities for advancing environmental context-based obesity research.
  • To foster effective cross-disciplinary collaboration in public health initiatives.

Main Methods:

  • Convened an expert team from urban planning, public health, nutrition, exercise science, and economics.
  • Experts identified key concepts, measures, and applications from their disciplines for built environment assessment.
  • Conducted a selective literature and internet-based review from 2013 to 2014.

Main Results:

  • Highlighted diverse disciplinary perspectives, tools, and recommendations for built environment assessment.
  • Identified progress made in interdisciplinary approaches to obesity prevention.
  • Pinpointed critical gaps that hinder comprehensive environmental health strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Significant progress has been achieved in cross-disciplinary collaboration for built environment and obesity studies.
  • Remaining gaps necessitate enhanced interprofessional education and team science principles.
  • Greater appreciation and attention to diverse disciplinary contributions can optimize obesity prevention efforts.