Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Three-Dimensional Printing Guide Template Assisted Percutaneous Vertebroplasty PVP
Published on: October 17, 2019
Fluoroscopy-free ultrasonography-guided percutaneous nephrolithotomy in pediatric patients: a single-center
Akbar Nouralizadeh1, Farzaneh Sharifiaghdas1, Hamid Pakmanesh2
1Department of Urology, Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Objectives:
To present the safety and efficacy of fluoroscopy-free ultrasound-guided PCNL for the treatment of renal calculi in pediatric patients of all ages.
Methods:
30 children with mean age of 5 years (6 months-12 years) underwent totally ultrasound-guided PCNL from March 2013 to August 2016. The pyelocalyceal system was punctured in prone position using only ultrasonography guidance, and the tract was dilated using a single shot dilation technique. No fluoroscopy was used during any of the stages of renal access. The procedure was performed using adult-sized instruments.
Results:
The mean stone size was 27.1 ± 8.7 mm. Mean access time was 4.3 ± 2 min. Mean nephroscopic time was 34.6 ± 15.2 min. Mean hospital stay of patients was 3 days (range 2-5). 21 patients were stone-free after the procedure (70% success rate). Only four patients out of 30 experienced postoperative complications.
Conclusions:
The results of this study showed that fluoroscopic-free ultrasound-guided PCNL in pediatric patients of all ages is safe, highly efficient, and minimizes potential radiation exposure risks associated with the procedure.
Related Concept Videos
Patient-centered Care
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption
Ultrasonography
During an ultrasonography procedure, a handheld device called...

