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Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Influence of Hybrid Perovskite Fabrication Methods on Film Formation, Electronic Structure, and Solar Cell Performance
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Enhanced Thermal Stability in Perovskite Solar Cells by Assembling 2D/3D Stacking Structures.

Yun Lin1, Yang Bai1, Yanjun Fang1

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters
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Summary

Researchers developed a new method to create more stable 2D/3D perovskite structures using n-Butylamine (BA). This approach enhances perovskite solar cell efficiency and durability against heat stress.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Chemistry
  • Photovoltaics

Background:

  • Two-dimensional (2D) perovskites offer enhanced stability over three-dimensional (3D) perovskites due to organic ligand protection.
  • Improving the stability and efficiency of perovskite solar cells is crucial for their commercial viability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel method for forming 2D/3D perovskite stacking structures.
  • To investigate the impact of n-Butylamine (BA) treatment on perovskite stability and photovoltaic performance.
  • To compare the efficacy of BA treatment with traditional n-Butylammonium iodide (BAI) treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Reaction of 3D perovskite (MAPbI3) with n-Butylamine (BA) to form 2D/3D stacking structures.
  • Characterization of the resulting (BA)2PbI4 layers and their coverage on the 3D perovskite surface.
  • Fabrication and testing of photovoltaic devices incorporating the 2D/3D structures under heat stress.

Main Results:

  • BA treatment exclusively produced the (BA)2PbI4 phase, offering superior organic ligand protection compared to BAI treatment.
  • The BA treatment resulted in a smoother and more uniformly covered 2D perovskite layer on the 3D perovskite.
  • Photovoltaic devices with 2D/3D stacking structures exhibited significantly improved stability under heat stress compared to 3D perovskite devices.
  • Passivation of 3D perovskite surfaces via 2D layer formation led to enhanced device efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • The developed 2D/3D stacking strategy using BA offers a promising route to enhance the stability and efficiency of perovskite solar cells.
  • The superior protection offered by the (BA)2PbI4 phase and improved surface passivation contribute to the observed performance gains.
  • This method provides a pathway for creating more robust and efficient perovskite-based photovoltaic technologies.