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External Control of Knowledge of Results: Learner Involvement Enhances Motor Skill Transfer
L S Figueiredo1, H Ugrinowitsch1, A B Freire1,2
11 28114 Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Perceptual and Motor Skills
|January 20, 2018
Summary
Learner control over practice, specifically self-controlled knowledge of results (KR), enhances motor skill acquisition. This involves greater task involvement and deeper information processing, leading to superior learning transfer.
Area of Science:
- Motor Learning
- Cognitive Psychology
- Sports Science
Background:
- Learner control in practice enhances motor skill acquisition.
- Self-controlled knowledge of results (KR) schedules offer advantages over externally controlled ones.
- Self-controlled KR may promote deeper information processing through increased task involvement.
Purpose of the Study:
- To test the hypothesis that self-controlled KR enhances motor skill acquisition by increasing learner involvement and information processing.
- To compare the effects of self-controlled KR, yoked KR, and a high-involvement yoked condition on learning transfer.
Main Methods:
- Thirty novice participants practiced a tennis ball transport task within a time goal.
- Three groups were compared: self-controlled KR (SC), yoked KR (YK), and involvement yoked (IY).
- The study included acquisition, retention, and transfer phases, followed by participant questionnaires.
Main Results:
- Both SC and IY groups demonstrated superior transfer of learning compared to the YK group.
- Participants preferred receiving KR after perceived successful trials, irrespective of actual performance.
- Performance was equivalent between SC and IY groups, supporting the role of task involvement.
Conclusions:
- Self-controlled KR benefits motor skill acquisition by fostering task involvement and deeper information processing.
- Learner control over KR schedules appears crucial for effective skill transfer.
- Learner preferences for KR timing do not necessarily align with optimal performance benefits.
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