Lipoidal corneal degeneration in aged falcons

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Ophthalmology
• Avian Pathology

Background:

• Idiopathic lipoidal corneal degeneration is a rare condition affecting the cornea.
• This case series focuses on its occurrence in captive falcons.

Observation:

• Five falcons, including peregrine and shaheen, developed progressive corneal opacification over years.
• The opacities began at the temporal limbus and were associated with vascularization and lipid deposits.
• Affected birds were typically over 20 years old.

Findings:

• Histological examination revealed diffuse neutral lipid in corneal stromal cells and cholesterol crystals.
• Subepithelial fibrosis and vacuolization of keratocytes were also observed.
• No other systemic or ophthalmic abnormalities were identified.

Implications:

• This condition appears to be rare in aged captive falcons.
• Potential causes include dyslipoproteinemia, trauma, diet, or age-related metabolic changes.
• The temporal limbus origin suggests exposure may play a role in this unique falcon keratopathy.