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Related Concept Videos

Aggregates Classification01:29

Aggregates Classification

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Aggregate classification is generally based on its size, petrographic characteristics, weight, and source. Size classification ranges from coarse to fine aggregates, defined by the size of the particles. Coarse aggregates are particles that do not pass through ASTM sieve No. 4, and aggregates that pass through the sieve are fine aggregates.
Petrographic classification groups aggregates based on common mineralogical characteristics. Some of the common mineral groups found in aggregates are...
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Bonding and Strength of Aggregate01:12

Bonding and Strength of Aggregate

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The bond between aggregate particles and the cement matrix is significantly influenced by the shape and surface texture of the aggregates. High-strength concretes benefit from a rougher texture, which leads to stronger bonding due to greater adhesion. Angular aggregates with larger surface areas also enhance this bond. The bonding quality, however, is complex to assess as no universally accepted test exists. Good bonding is indicated when a crushed concrete specimen shows some aggregate...
521
Specific Gravity of Aggregate01:19

Specific Gravity of Aggregate

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Aggregates typically contain pores, which can be either permeable or impermeable. Considering the pores in the aggregates, the specific gravity of aggregates is defined in three different forms, namely, bulk or gross specific gravity, apparent specific gravity, and absolute specific gravity.
Bulk or gross specific gravity is calculated by taking the ratio of the mass of aggregates in the saturated surface-dry state to the total volume that includes both the solids and the voids within the...
850
Bulk Density of Aggregate01:22

Bulk Density of Aggregate

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Bulk density refers to the mass of aggregate particles that would fill a unit volume. The concept of bulk density originates from the inability to pack aggregate particles in a manner that completely eliminates void spaces. Hence, the term bulk refers to the volume that encompasses both the aggregates and the voids. This measurement is crucial when aggregates are batched by volume and is used to convert quantities by mass to volume.
Most natural mineral aggregates, like sand and gravel,...
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Preplaced Aggregate Concrete01:29

Preplaced Aggregate Concrete

395
Preplaced aggregate concrete is ideal for construction environments that are not easily accessible. The process begins by properly wetting the gap-graded coarse aggregates to remove the dirt, then placing it in the form and compacting it. Voids are filled with a mortar mix pumped under pressure through slotted pipes. This mortar typically consists of Portland cement, pozzolan, fine aggregates, water, and a fluidizing aid. The pozzolan helps reduce bleeding and segregation while improving the...
395
Design Example: Aggregate Gradation01:24

Design Example: Aggregate Gradation

347
The right type and quality of aggregates are crucial for concrete as they significantly influence its properties, mix proportions, and cost-effectiveness. If different sources are available for sand, the commonly used fine aggregate in concrete, the selection of sand is primarily based on its gradation.
The grading, or particle-size distribution, of sand is determined using sieve analysis, with standard sizes ranging from 150 μm to 10 mm (ASTM No. 100 sieve to 3⁄8 in. sieve). Sand is...
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Aggregate Size Optimization in Microwells for Suspension-based Cardiac Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
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Cellphone-Enabled Microwell-Based Microbead Aggregation Assay for Portable Biomarker Detection.

Weiwei Cui1,2, Meihang He1, Luye Mu2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, China.

ACS Sensors
|January 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary

A novel microwell system enables precise, label-free detection of biomarkers like prostate-specific antigen using microbead aggregation. This technology offers rapid, high-throughput, and cost-effective portable diagnostics.

Keywords:
POCPSA detectioncellphone-enabled detectionmicrobead aggregationmicrofluidicstwo-step reaction

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Point-of-Care Diagnostics

Background:

  • Quantitative biomarker detection is crucial for point-of-care (POC) diagnostics.
  • Microbead aggregation offers selective biomarker capture but lacks accurate quantification methods.
  • Existing sensors and microfluidic systems struggle to quantify microbead aggregation effectively.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a microwell-based system for online manipulation and analysis of microbead aggregation.
  • To enable accurate quantification of aggregated microbeads for biomarker detection.
  • To establish a novel kinetic model for microbead aggregation dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Demonstration of a microwell-based system for microbead trapping, arraying, and rotation.
  • Utilizing protein-specific linkage for selective biomarker capture via microbead aggregation.
  • Detection of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) using the developed system.
  • Proposal of a two-step reaction kinetics model for aggregation dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a limit of detection for PSA as low as 0.125 ng/mL (3.67 pM).
  • Successfully demonstrated online manipulation and characterization of aggregated microbeads.
  • Validated the effectiveness of the microwell-based microbead analyzing system.

Conclusions:

  • The developed microwell system provides a label-free, high-throughput, and low-cost approach for biomarker detection.
  • The system shows significant potential for portable and rapid diagnostic applications.
  • The novel kinetic model enhances understanding of microbead aggregation processes.