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Diversification of human NK cells: Lessons from deep profiling.
Aaron J Wilk1, Catherine A Blish1,2,3
1Medical Scientist Training Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Journal of Leukocyte Biology
|January 20, 2018
Summary
Natural killer (NK) cells exhibit significant diversity, influenced by genetics, development, and environmental factors. Advanced single-cell technologies are crucial for dissecting this complex innate immune cell lineage.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes crucial for immune regulation, surveillance, and cytokine production.
- NK cells were initially characterized by their ability to lyse tumor cells but possess remarkable phenotypic and functional diversity.
- This diversity arises from combinatorial expression of activating and inhibitory receptors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the sources of NK cell diversity.
- To highlight the role of NK cell education in promoting self-tolerance and repertoire heterogeneity.
- To emphasize the application of deep profiling and single-cell technologies in understanding NK cell heterogeneity.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on NK cell biology.
- Focus on genetic, developmental, and environmental factors contributing to NK cell diversity.
- Emphasis on deep profiling and single-cell technologies for detailed analysis.
Main Results:
- NK cell diversity is shaped by multiple mechanisms, including "education" processes that establish self-tolerance.
- Viral infections can further diversify the NK cell repertoire.
- Single-cell technologies offer unprecedented resolution for studying NK cell heterogeneity.
Conclusions:
- NK cell diversity is a complex trait influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic factors.
- Understanding NK cell heterogeneity is essential for their roles in immunity.
- Advanced technologies are key to fully elucidating this intricate lymphocyte lineage.
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