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Collective Longitudinal Polarization in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions at Very High Energy
1Università di Firenze and INFN Sezione di Firenze, Via G. Sansone 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy.
Physical Review Letters
|January 20, 2018
Summary
Particle polarization along the beam direction in heavy-ion collisions decreases slowly with energy. This polarization, measurable via its transverse momentum quadrupole structure, offers insights into quark-gluon plasma cooling rates.
Area of Science:
- High-energy nuclear physics
- Quantum chromodynamics
- Relativistic hydrodynamics
Background:
- Understanding particle behavior in relativistic heavy-ion collisions is crucial for probing the quark-gluon plasma (QGP).
- Previous studies focused on transverse polarization, with limited understanding of longitudinal polarization dynamics.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the longitudinal polarization of particles in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.
- To analyze the energy dependence of longitudinal polarization compared to transverse polarization.
- To explore measurement strategies for longitudinal polarization and its connection to QGP properties.
Main Methods:
- Utilized a relativistic hydrodynamic framework to model particle interactions.
- Investigated the longitudinal boost-invariant scenario with a nonfluctuating initial state.
- Analyzed the quadrupole structure of polarization in the transverse momentum plane.
Main Results:
- Longitudinal polarization decreases significantly slower with center-of-mass energy than transverse polarization.
- Longitudinal polarization is proportional to the temperature gradient at hadronization in the ideal scenario.
- A measurable quadrupole structure in the transverse momentum plane was identified for longitudinal polarization.
Conclusions:
- Longitudinal polarization is a robust observable in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.
- Measurement of longitudinal polarization can provide critical information on the QGP cooling rate near the critical temperature.
- This study opens new avenues for exploring QGP properties through polarization observables.
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