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Does Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Affect the Maxillary Sinus Volume?

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Adolescent patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) have significantly smaller maxillary sinus volumes (MSV) compared to controls. The cleft side also showed a significant difference in MSV compared to the noncleft side in UCLP patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Craniofacial research
  • Medical imaging analysis
  • Pediatric dentistry

Background:

  • Unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) is a congenital condition affecting facial development.
  • Maxillary sinus volume (MSV) can be influenced by craniofacial anomalies.
  • Understanding MSV in UCLP is crucial for orthodontic and surgical planning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare maxillary sinus volume (MSV) between cleft and noncleft sides in adolescent UCLP patients.
  • To evaluate differences in MSV between adolescent UCLP patients and a noncleft control group.
  • To utilize cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) for precise MSV assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of 44 adolescent UCLP patients and 44 age- and sex-matched controls were analyzed.
  • Three-dimensional (3D) assessment, segmentation, and volume calculation of each maxillary sinus.
  • Comparison of MSV between cleft and noncleft sides within UCLP patients and between UCLP and control groups.

Main Results:

  • Adolescent UCLP patients exhibited significantly smaller mean MSVs (10701.52 mm³ ± 3369.33) compared to controls (16054.08 mm³ ± 5293.96; P < .001).
  • A statistically significant difference in MSV was observed between the cleft side (10996.78 mm³ ± 3522.89) and the noncleft side (10382.3 mm³ ± 3416.2; P < .05) in UCLP patients.
  • No significant difference in MSV was found between the right and left sides overall (P > .05).

Conclusions:

  • Adolescent patients with UCLP demonstrate significantly reduced maxillary sinus volumes compared to their noncleft peers.
  • The cleft side of the maxilla in UCLP patients shows a significant difference in MSV compared to the noncleft side.
  • CBCT is an effective tool for quantifying MSV differences in UCLP, informing clinical management.