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Related Concept Videos

The Electromagnetic Spectrum02:37

The Electromagnetic Spectrum

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The electromagnetic spectrum consists of all the types of electromagnetic radiation arranged according to their frequency and wavelength. Each of the various colors of visible light has specific frequencies and wavelengths associated with them, and you can see that visible light makes up only a small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Because the technologies developed to work in various parts of the electromagnetic spectrum are different, for reasons of convenience and historical...
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The Electromagnetic Spectrum01:24

The Electromagnetic Spectrum

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Electromagnetic waves are categorized according to their wavelengths and frequencies, giving the electromagnetic spectrum. These waves are classified as radio, infrared, ultraviolet, etc. Radio waves refer to electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths ranging from millimeters to kilometers. Radio waves are commonly used for audio communications (i.e., radios) and typically result from an alternating current in the wires of a broadcast antenna. They cover a broad wavelength range and are used...
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IR Spectrum01:19

IR Spectrum

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When infrared (IR) radiation passes through a molecule, the bonds stretch or bend by absorbing the radiation. This absorption creates the molecule's absorption spectrum, which is the plot of its percentage transmittance versus wavenumber.
Transmittance is defined as the ratio of the radiant power passing through a sample to that from the radiation's source. Multiplying the transmittance by 100 gives the percent transmittance (%T), which varies between 100% (no absorption) and 0%...
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Mass Spectrum01:23

Mass Spectrum

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A mass spectrum is the graphical representation of the relative abundance of the charged fragments in an analyte plotted against their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). The plot's x-axis represents the ratio of the mass of the charged fragment to the number of charges it carries. The y axis of the plot represents the relative abundance of each charged species. The relative abundance is calculated from the signal intensity of each charged species recorded at the detector. The most intense signal (the...
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UV–Vis Spectrum01:30

UV–Vis Spectrum

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When light passes through a substance, a portion of the light is absorbed while the remaining light is reflected or transmitted. If the molecule absorbs light between the wavelengths of 180–400 nm range, the UV spectrum is obtained, and if it absorbs light in the 400–780 nm wavelength range, the visible spectrum is obtained.     
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Mass Spectrum: Interpretation01:24

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An unknown compound can be established by identifying the molecular ion peak in the mass spectrum. The molecular ion peak is often weak or absent due to the predominance of fragmentation in high-energy electron beams. In such cases, a soft-energy electron beam can be used to scan the spectrum to enhance the intensity of the molecular ion peak. Additionally, chemical ionization, field ionization, and desorption ionization spectra are used to obtain a relatively intense molecular ion peak.To...
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The rumour spectrum.

Nicolas Turenne1

  • 1Affiliation Université Paris-Est, LISIS, INRA, 77454 Marne-La-Vallée, France.

Plos One
|January 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study quantitatively analyzes rumour characteristics and spread using social media data. Findings reveal distinct features and transmission patterns, offering new insights into rumour dynamics.

Area of Science:

  • Social Sciences
  • Computational Social Science
  • Communication Studies

Background:

  • Rumour is a long-standing social phenomenon prevalent in politics and public discourse.
  • Traditional study of rumour has relied on qualitative methods by sociologists and psychologists.
  • Social media platforms offer novel opportunities for quantitative rumour analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively analyze rumour characteristics and spread patterns.
  • To identify features describing rumour messages and their transmission.
  • To explore the applicability of existing theories to social media rumour dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative screening of scientific literature for relevant rumour features.
  • Compilation of diverse datasets including reference, rumouring, and event data.

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  • Analysis of rumour spread dynamics and syntagmatic content using quantitative methods.

    • Main Results:

    • Identified 53 distinct features of rumour messages, clustered into six categories.
    • Rumour spread exhibits multi-harmonic patterns with varying frequencies and can persist for years.
    • Lexical transition analysis supports Allport's theory of rumour transmission, though word combinations are not unique to rumours.

    Conclusions:

    • Social media enables robust quantitative analysis of rumour phenomena.
    • Rumours possess identifiable features and complex, long-lasting spread patterns.
    • Rumour transmission on social media aligns with established psychological theories of rumour dissemination.