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Related Concept Videos

Data Collection by Survey01:07

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The systematic method of obtaining and analyzing accurate information of a population is called data collection. A survey is a standard method of data collection that involves collecting information from a target human population about their experience, opinion, or knowledge of a product, service, or process. The responses are recorded and interpreted. The most common survey examples are written questionnaires, face-to-face or telephonic conversations, focus groups, and electronic (e-mail or...
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Selected Data About Geographic Locations01:25

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Geographic Information Systems (GIS) rely on two core types of data: spatial data and attribute data.Spatial DataSpatial data defines the physical location of features within a coordinate system, typically expressed in terms of latitude and longitude. It provides precise positioning for elements like roads, rivers, or buildings.Attribute DataAttribute data complements spatial data by adding descriptive information about these features. For example, a road's spatial data includes its start and...
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Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
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The nursing history captures and records the patient's health status, so that a care plan evolves to meet the patient's individual needs. The nursing health history is a part of the initial assessment. A comprehensive history covers all health dimensions and plays a significant role in the assessment process. A comprehensive history includes the patient's biographical information, reasons for seeking health care, expectations, present and past health history, medications, and...
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Data collection gathers information needed to make accurate judgments about a patient's present condition. During a health history interview, subjective data is collected from the patient, their caregivers, or family members, and objective data is collected through observations and physical assessment. Patients are the primary source of subjective data. Thus information gathered from patients through interviews, observations, and physical examination is primary data. Secondary sources of...
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Data collection is a systematic method of obtaining, observing, measuring, and analyzing accurate information. An experimental study is a standard method of data collection that involves the manipulation of the samples by applying some form of treatment prior to data collection. It refers to manipulating one variable to determine its changes on another variable. The sample subjected to treatment is known as “experimental units.”
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Web-Based Survey Application to Collect Contextually Relevant Geographic Data With Exposure Times: Application

Abby Rudolph1, Karin Tobin2, Jonathan Rudolph3

  • 1Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.

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|January 21, 2018
PubMed
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This study developed a tool to map neighborhood exposures based on time spent in various locations, finding that injection sites and living spaces significantly influence health behaviors. This approach refines understanding of environmental risk factors.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Traditional neighborhood exposure assessments may misclassify risks by focusing solely on residential location.
  • Individual behaviors, especially for non-residential activities like drug injection, are influenced by diverse environmental contexts.
  • Time spent in specific locations is a critical factor in determining relevant neighborhood exposures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a Web-based application utilizing Google Maps APIs to capture contextually relevant locations and time spent.
  • To analyze the overlap between different location types and compare various neighborhood exposure classification methods.
  • To refine the measurement of environmental exposures for improved accuracy in health and risk behavior research.

Main Methods:

  • A Web-based survey collected location data (recruitment, work, living, socializing, drug injection) and time spent from 547 participants.
  • Geographic coordinates were mapped using Google Maps, and data were linked to neighborhood indicators.
  • A weighted exposure measure was computed based on the proportion of time spent in each unique location, compared to unweighted measures.

Main Results:

  • Participants spent most time at home, followed by drug injection locations, which frequently overlapped with social and residential areas.
  • Locations for earning money and study recruitment showed minimal overlap and less time spent.
  • Significant differences in neighborhood exposures were observed based on classification method, with distinct neighborhood characteristics associated with different activities.

Conclusions:

  • Neighborhood exposures differ significantly when defined by specific locations or weighted by time spent.
  • Further research is needed to link these refined exposure measures to specific health and risk behaviors.
  • Understanding time-weighted, location-specific exposures is crucial for accurately assessing environmental influences on health outcomes.