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Bottom-up gamma maintenance in various disorders.

E Garcia-Rill1, S Mahaffey1, James R Hyde2

  • 1Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.

Neurobiology of Disease
|January 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Maintained gamma band activity is crucial for brain function. Pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) may restore this activity, aiding arousal, movement, and cognitive disorders.

Keywords:
Alzheimer's diseaseBipolar disorderBottom-up gammaComaDepressionMesencephalic locomotor regionNeglectParkinson's diseasePedunculopontine nucleusReticular activating systemSchizophreniaTop-down beta

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurophysiology

Background:

  • Maintained gamma band activity is essential for higher brain functions like perception, executive function, and memory.
  • The pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN), part of the reticular activating system (RAS), is a primary source of gamma activity flow to higher brain regions.
  • Disruptions in gamma band activity are linked to various neurological and psychiatric disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of the PPN in activating higher brain regions for arousal and modulating descending pathways for posture and locomotion.
  • To explore the potential of PPN deep brain stimulation (DBS) in regulating arousal and stepping.
  • To discuss the implications of continuous PPN DBS for maintaining gamma band activity and its application in disorders characterized by gamma band disturbances.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) and gamma band activity.
  • Analysis of the PPN's role in arousal, posture, and locomotion.
  • Examination of existing research on deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the PPN.

Main Results:

  • The PPN plays a critical role in the bottom-up flow of gamma activity to higher brain regions.
  • PPN DBS demonstrates potential for regulating arousal and improving motor function (stepping).
  • Continuous PPN DBS may be a viable strategy for maintaining essential gamma band activity levels.

Conclusions:

  • The PPN is a key node for maintaining gamma band activity, crucial for diverse brain functions.
  • PPN DBS offers a promising therapeutic avenue for disorders involving arousal and motor control deficits.
  • Future research should investigate PPN DBS for a broader range of conditions associated with impaired gamma band maintenance.