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Related Concept Videos

Preparation of Epoxides03:00

Preparation of Epoxides

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Overview
Epoxides result from alkene oxidation, which can be achieved by a) air, b) peroxy acids, c) hypochlorous acids, and d) halohydrin cyclization.
Epoxidation with Peroxy Acids
Epoxidation of alkenes via oxidation with peroxy acids involves the conversion of a carbon–carbon double bond to an epoxide using the oxidizing agent meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid, commonly known as MCPBA. Since the O–O bond of peroxy acids is very weak, the addition of electrophilic oxygen of peroxy acids to...
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Preparation of Amides01:29

Preparation of Amides

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Amides are synthesized by treating carboxylic acids with amines in the presence of dehydrating agents like dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC).
The DCC-promoted synthesis of amides begins with the protonation of DCC by carboxylic acid. The protonation makes it a better acceptor. Next, the addition of carboxylate to the protonated carbodiimide gives a reactive acylating agent.
Subsequently, the amine acts as a nucleophile that attacks the acylating agent to form a tetrahedral intermediate. In the...
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Preparation of Nitriles01:12

Preparation of Nitriles

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One of the common methods to prepare nitriles is the dehydration of amides. This method requires strong dehydrating agents like phosphorous pentoxide or boiling acetic anhydride for converting amides to nitriles. Another reagent namely, thionyl chloride also accomplishes the dehydration of amides, where amide acts as a nucleophile. The first step of the mechanism involves the nucleophilic attack by the amide on the thionyl chloride to form an intermediate. In the next step, the electron pairs...
2.7K
Preparation and Reactions of Thiols02:33

Preparation and Reactions of Thiols

7.6K
Thiols are prepared using the hydrosulfide anion as a nucleophile in a nucleophilic substitution reaction with alkyl halides. For instance, bromobutane reacts with sodium hydrosulfide to give butanethiol.
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Preparation of Acid Anhydrides01:07

Preparation of Acid Anhydrides

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One of the methods for preparing symmetrical or unsymmetrical acid anhydrides involves the treatment of acid chlorides with the sodium salt of carboxylic acids. The reaction proceeds via a nucleophilic acyl substitution.
The carboxylate ion acts as a nucleophile that attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acid chloride to form a tetrahedral intermediate. Subsequently, the re-formation of the carbonyl group with the loss of the chloride ion as a leaving group leads to the formation of an acid...
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Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides02:26

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides

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Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon groups bonded to the central sulfur atom. Depending upon the type of groups present, sulfides can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical sulfides can be prepared via an SN2 reaction between 2 equivalents of an alkyl halide and one equivalent of sodium sulfide.
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Thin Sectioning of Slice Preparations for Immunohistochemistry
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Chemsex: are we prepared?

David Redondo Domínguez1, Luis Picazo, María Luisa Docavo Barrenechea-Moxo

  • 1Hospital Clínico San Carlos.. d.redondo312@gmail.com.

Adicciones
|January 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Chemsex, or drug-fueled sexual activity among men who have sex with men (MSM), is increasing in Western Europe. This practice heightens risks for sexually transmitted infections and toxicological issues, necessitating further research and training.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Chemsex, the use of psychoactive drugs to enhance sexual activity, is a growing concern among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Western Europe.
  • The prevalence of chemsex is increasing, as noted by Dolengevich-Segal et al. (2017) and Fernández-Dávila et al. (2016).

Discussion:

  • Chemsex practices significantly elevate the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
  • Drug use associated with chemsex poses considerable toxicological risks.
  • Both STIs and drug toxicity are frequent reasons for emergency room consultations.

Key Insights:

  • There is a critical need for comprehensive epidemiological studies on chemsex.
  • Research should address mental health, infectious disease, and toxicology aspects of chemsex.

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  • Enhanced training is required for healthcare professionals to manage chemsex-related issues.

    • Outlook:

    • Further research into chemsex is essential to understand and mitigate associated health risks.
    • Developing targeted interventions and educational programs for MSM engaging in chemsex is crucial.
    • Strengthening healthcare provider training will improve emergency response and patient care for chemsex-related complications.