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Related Concept Videos

Functional Classification of Joints01:09

Functional Classification of Joints

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Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An...
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Structural Joints: Synovial Joints01:16

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

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Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
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Structural Joints: Fibrous Joints01:03

Structural Joints: Fibrous Joints

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Fibrous joints are a type of joint where the bones are connected by fibrous connective tissue. These joints provide stability and minimal to no movement between the articulating bones. There are three types of fibrous joints.
Suture
All the bones of the skull, except for the mandible, are joined to each other by a fibrous joint called a suture. The fibrous connective tissue found at a suture strongly unites the adjacent skull bones and thus helps to protect the brain and form the face. In...
3.9K
Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

4.3K
As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary...
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Joints01:26

Joints

35.9K
Joints, also called articulations or articular surfaces, are points at which ligaments or other tissues connect adjacent bones. Joints permit movement and stability, and can be classified based on their structure or function.
Structural joint classifications are based on the material that makes up the joint as well as whether or not the joint contains a space between the bones. Joints are structurally classified as fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial.
Fibrous Joints Are Immovable
The bones of a...
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High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process01:05

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process

1.6K
In High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the elution process is critical to the separation of analytes and the quality of chromatographic results. Elution describes how compounds move through the column and separate based on their interactions with the mobile and stationary phases. This process determines the resolution, peak shape, and retention times in the chromatogram, which are essential for identifying and quantifying components in complex mixtures. Understanding the elution...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

A Novel Method to Determine the Longitudinal Antibacterial Activity of Drug-Eluting Materials
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A Novel Method to Determine the Longitudinal Antibacterial Activity of Drug-Eluting Materials

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A Fully Functional Drug-Eluting Joint Implant.

V J Suhardi1,2,3, D A Bichara1,2, Sjj Kwok3,4

  • 1Harris Orthopaedic Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.

Nature Biomedical Engineering
|January 23, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed an optimized ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) implant for sustained antibiotic elution, maintaining mechanical strength. This drug-eluting UHMWPE shows promise for treating bone infections and joint implant applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

  • Developing drug-eluting orthopedic implants with sustained drug release and mechanical integrity is challenging.
  • Current antibiotic-eluting bone cements have limitations in drug delivery duration and mechanical properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) for enhanced, sustained antibiotic elution while preserving mechanical strength.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of the optimized UHMWPE in treating bacterial knee infections in a preclinical model.

Main Methods:

  • Modification of drug cluster eccentricity and percolation threshold in UHMWPE.
  • In vitro testing of antibiotic elution kinetics and mechanical properties.
  • In vivo study of antibiotic-eluting UHMWPE in lapine knees infected with Staphylococcus aureus.

Main Results:

  • Optimized UHMWPE demonstrated maximized drug elution and retained mechanical strength.
  • Elution concentration and duration exceeded the clinical gold standard antibiotic-eluting bone cement.
  • Complete bacterial eradication was achieved in infected lapine knees with no systemic effects.

Conclusions:

  • The developed antibiotic-eluting UHMWPE joint implant offers superior drug delivery and mechanical properties.
  • This optimized UHMWPE is a promising candidate for clinical trials in orthopedic applications.
  • The findings advance the development of effective drug-eluting orthopedic implants.