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Negative Urgency Mediates the Relation between Genetically-Influenced Serotonin Functioning and Alcohol Problems.

Frances L Wang1,2, Laurie Chassin1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Arizona State University.

Clinical Psychological Science : a Journal of the Association for Psychological Science
|January 23, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genetically influenced serotonin (5-HT) functioning is linked to alcohol problems, primarily through negative urgency, a facet of impulsivity. This study clarifies one pathway, suggesting further mechanisms also contribute to alcohol use disorders.

Keywords:
Alcohol ProblemsImpulsivityNegative UrgencyPolygenic Risk ScoreSerotonin

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Serotonin (5-HT) functioning is implicated in alcohol problems, but underlying mechanisms are not fully understood.
  • Impulsivity is a known risk factor for alcohol use disorders.
  • Genetic factors influencing serotonin may play a role in alcohol-related behaviors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if impulsivity dimensions mediate the relationship between a serotonin (5-HT) polygenic score and alcohol problems.
  • To examine potential age-related moderation in these associations.
  • To elucidate the specific mechanisms linking genetically influenced serotonin function to alcohol use.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a polygenic score to index serotonin (5-HT) functioning.
  • Assessed five dimensions of impulsivity using the UPPS-P scale.
  • Examined mediation by impulsivity facets and moderation by age in the link between the 5-HT polygenic score and alcohol problems.

Main Results:

  • The serotonin (5-HT) polygenic score indirectly predicted alcohol problems through negative urgency, a specific impulsivity trait.
  • No significant mediation was found for other impulsivity dimensions.
  • The 5-HT polygenic score also showed a direct association with alcohol problems; no age moderation effects were observed.

Conclusions:

  • Negative urgency may represent a key mechanism linking genetically influenced serotonin (5-HT) functioning to alcohol problems.
  • Genetically influenced serotonin (5-HT) functioning likely impacts alcohol problems via multiple pathways beyond negative urgency.
  • The findings suggest that serotonin's transdiagnostic effects on psychopathology may be partly explained by its influence on negative urgency.