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Decreasing Function01:27

Decreasing Function

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A decreasing function describes a relationship where the output consistently declines as the input increases. This means that for any two input values, if one is greater than the other, the corresponding output is smaller. Mathematically, a function f is decreasing on an interval I if for every x1 < x2​ in I, f (x1) > f (x2). This type of behavior is visually identified on a graph that slopes downward from left to right.The nature of a function can be analyzed by calculating...
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Decreased Body Temperature01:29

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A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by...
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Decreased pulse rate01:14

Decreased pulse rate

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Bradycardia is a medical condition in which the heart rate is slower than normal. It occurs when the heart's natural pacemaker, the sinus node, generates slower electrical impulses than the standard rhythm. In adults, bradycardia is diagnosed when the pulse rate falls below 60 beats per minute, indicating a deviation from the normal heart rate range.
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Constant Volume Calorimetry02:41

Constant Volume Calorimetry

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Calorimeters are useful to determine the heat released or absorbed by a chemical reaction. Coffee cup calorimeters are designed to operate at constant (atmospheric) pressure and are convenient to measure heat flow (or enthalpy change) accompanying processes that occur in solution at constant pressure. A different type of calorimeter that operates at constant volume, colloquially known as a bomb calorimeter, is used to measure the energy produced by reactions that yield large amounts of heat and...
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Volume of Distribution01:20

Volume of Distribution

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The apparent volume of distribution (Vd) is a crucial pharmacokinetic parameter representing the hypothetical body fluid volume into which a drug disperses. It is calculated based on the total amount of drug in the body (estimated from the administered dose and bioavailability) divided by the plasma drug concentration. The total amount of drug in the body does not directly refer to the dose given but is derived by accounting for absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion processes.
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Problem Solving: Volume01:13

Problem Solving: Volume

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The volume of a fuel tank mounted on the wing of a jet aircraft can be modeled using the concept of solids of revolution. In this case, the tank is formed by rotating a two-dimensional region, defined by a mathematical function, about the x-axis. The region extends along the axis from zero to two meters, and the resulting three-dimensional shape is symmetric about the axis of rotation. Because the boundary curve lies directly against the axis, the disk method is an appropriate technique for...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

In Vivo Inhibition of MicroRNA to Decrease Tumor Growth in Mice
07:02

In Vivo Inhibition of MicroRNA to Decrease Tumor Growth in Mice

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Tumor Volume Decrease via Feeder Occlusion for Treating a Large, Firm Trigone Meningioma.

Takuma Nakashima1, Norikazu Hatano2, Fumiaki Kanamori3

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daini Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.

NMC Case Report Journal
|January 23, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Large trigone meningiomas pose surgical challenges. Initial microsurgical feeder occlusion followed by staged surgery effectively treated a large, hard trigone meningioma by inducing necrosis and softening.

Keywords:
feeder occlusionlateral ventriclemeningiomatumor volume

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Trigone meningiomas are challenging due to their size and vascularity.
  • Surgical treatment of large, firm trigone meningiomas requires innovative approaches.

Observation:

  • A 19-year-old woman presented with a large, firm left ventricular trigone meningioma.
  • Initial transsylvian surgery involved microsurgical occlusion of choroidal artery feeders.
  • Tumor firmness limited initial resection, but feeder occlusion caused necrosis and volume reduction.

Findings:

  • Initial feeder occlusion led to a 20% tumor diameter decrease and mass effect alleviation within a year.
  • Ischemia-induced tumor softening facilitated complete resection in staged procedures.
  • This staged approach proved safe and effective for managing a large, hard trigone meningioma.

Implications:

  • Microsurgical feeder occlusion is a viable strategy for large, firm trigone meningiomas.
  • Staged surgical excision following feeder occlusion can improve resectability and patient outcomes.
  • This technique offers a potential solution for complex meningioma cases.