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Related Concept Videos

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems01:18

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems

23
Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) enable the controlled release of drugs across the skin into systemic circulation. They are particularly advantageous for drugs with short half-lives or narrow therapeutic indices, as they maintain consistent plasma concentrations and reduce the risk of subtherapeutic or toxic levels.TDDS are categorized into monolithic, reservoir, and mixed systems. Monolithic systems embed the drug in a polymer matrix, where diffusion governs release. Reservoir systems...
23
Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

937
The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
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Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

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The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
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Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

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The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
1.8K
Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems01:23

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems

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Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...
22
Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems01:21

Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems

20
Controlled-release systems for intravaginal and intrauterine drug delivery have been developed primarily for the administration of contraceptive steroid hormones. These delivery routes circumvent first-pass hepatic metabolism, thereby enhancing bioavailability and allowing for reduced systemic dosages compared to oral administration. Such approaches contribute to improved therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance, particularly in long-term contraceptive regimens.Intravaginal Drug Delivery...
20

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Generation of Tissue Spheroids via a 3D Printed Stamp-Like Device
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3D printing applications for transdermal drug delivery.

Sophia N Economidou1, Dimitrios A Lamprou1, Dennis Douroumis2

  • 1Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Medway Campus, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom.

International Journal of Pharmaceutics
|January 23, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Three-dimensional (3D) printing offers advanced fabrication for transdermal drug delivery systems, including microneedle arrays. This review covers printable materials, applications, challenges, and the regulatory landscape for 3D printed TDD systems.

Keywords:
3D PrintingInkjet printingMicroneedlesPatchesPharmaceuticsTransdermal delivery

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Technology
  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Additive Manufacturing

Background:

  • Transdermal drug delivery (TDD) systems offer a non-invasive route for systemic drug administration.
  • Conventional manufacturing methods face limitations in creating complex TDD architectures.
  • Three-dimensional (3D) printing presents a novel fabrication technology for advanced TDD systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of 2D and 3D printing in fabricating sophisticated TDD systems.
  • To review applicable printing technologies for microneedle arrays and drug-loaded coatings.
  • To assess the impact, challenges, and regulatory framework of 3D printed TDD systems.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on 3D printing applications in TDD.
  • Analysis of research on direct/indirect printing of microneedle arrays.
  • Examination of printable materials and surface modification techniques.

Main Results:

  • Various 3D printing technologies are applicable for microneedle array fabrication and drug coating.
  • A range of printable materials are currently used or have potential for TDD systems.
  • Studies demonstrate the feasibility of 3D printing for complex TDD designs.

Conclusions:

  • 3D printing holds significant potential for the customized and efficient manufacturing of TDD systems.
  • Challenges include material selection, scalability, and regulatory approval.
  • The regulatory landscape for 3D printed TDD systems is evolving.